Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy > Prescription review > Flashcards

Prescription review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the maxiumum dose of paracetamol a dayfor an adult patient over 50kg

A

4g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is tazocin?

A

Piperacillin and tazobactam! Remember this has penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give the main side-effects of steroids

A

S -stomach ulcer
T - thinning skin
E - oEdema
R - right and left heart failure
O - osteoporosis
I - infections, including candida
D - diabetes and hyperglycaemia
S - cushings Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give important saftey considerations for NSAIDs.

A

N - no urine (renal failure)
S - systolic dysfunction (HF)
A - asthma
I - indigestion
D - dyscracia (abnormal clotting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give important side effects for anti-hypertensives

A
  • hypotension can occur with all
  • bradycardia with b blockers and ca channel blockers
  • electrolyte imbalance with ace inhibitors and diuretics
  • ace inhibitors = dry cough
  • b blockers = wheeze in asthmatics
  • ca channel blockers = oedema and flushing
  • diuretics = renal failure
  • thiazide diuretics = gout
  • potassium sparing = gynaecomastia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which patients should not have 0.9% saline?

A
  • patients who are HYPERNATRAEMIC or HYPOGLYCAEMIC. They should be given 5% dextrose!
  • patients with ASCITES give human-albumin sol.
  • shock from bleeding, give blood first. Crystalloid if blood is unavailable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give a list of the enzyme inducers and their effect on the metabolism of the drug processed by P450

A

BullShit CRAP GPS
Barbituates
St Johns Wort
Carbamazepine
Rifampicin
Alcohol chronic
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas (e.g gliclazide)

Enzyme inducers = increased metabolism of drug = decreasec conc and therapeutic affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give a list of the enyme inhibitors and the effect on the metabolism of targetted drug

A

SICKFACES.COM
Sodium valporate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Amiodarone/ Alc XS
Ciprafloxacin/Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides (co-trimox, trimeth)
.
Cranberry juice
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
Grapefruit juice

Inhibits P450 = less metabolised = increased conc= increased affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are aminosalicylates and give example drugs

A

Drugs that are used the fight inflammation in the gut.
e.g: mesalamine, sulfasalzine and olsalazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are aminoglycocides and give drug examples

A

Broad spectrum abx generally used for gram neg bacteria.

e.g gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are quinilones and give example drugs

A

broad spectrum abx

e.g ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which drugs need to be stopped before surgery

A

Insulin and other hypoglycaemics
Lithium
Anti-coags and platelets
COCP/HRT
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would you do for fluid replacement in someone who is tachycardic or hypotensive?

A

500ml bolus stat then reasess patient.

Give 250ml bolus in patient who has HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would you do for fluid replacement in a patient with oliguria (not due to obstruction)

A

give 1L fluid over 2-4 hours.

never prescribe more than 2L for a sick pt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How fast can you give IV potassium?

A

no faster than 10mmol/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you provide adequate electrolytes with fluid resusitation

A

give 1L of 0/9% saline and 2L of 5% dextrose

16
Q

How fast should you give fluids?

A

adults tend to need approx 3L/24hr
For 3L give 8-hourly bags

elderly patients tend to need approx 2L/24hr
For 2L give 12-hrly bags

17
Q

Which patients should not be given blood clot prophylaxis?

A

Patients who are already a bleeding risk should not be prescribed anticoagulants

Patients with PAD shoud not have compression stockings

18
Q

Which patients should not be prescrived metoclopramide

A

Metaclopramide is a DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST.

Patients with Parkinsons should not be prescribed this.

Young women.

19
Q

What is the impact of ace-inhibitors on potassium conc in the blood

A

ACE-inhibitors cause HYPERKALAEMIA.

ACE-i cause reduced aldosterone production causing reduced ecretion of potassium through the kidneys

20
Q

What is the impact of thiazide dieuretics on potassium conc in the blood?

A

Cause HYPOkalaemia

21
Q

What is the impact of aldosterone antagonist on potassium conc in the blood?

A

HYPERkalaemia

22
Q

What type of drug is oxybutynin? Give common side effects of this drug

A

Anti-muscarinic used to treat urinary frequency and urgency

Side effects:
confusion, pupilliary dilatation, loss of accomodation, dry mouth, tachycardia after transient bradycardia

23
Q

Why is trimethoprim contra-indicated in the first trimester of pregnancy and for patients on methotrexate therapy

A

it is a FOLATE ANTAGONIST

when used with methotrexate it can cause bone marrow toxicity.

24
Q

How should methotrexate dose be managed in a patient with active infection

A

IT SHOULD BE STOPPED

25
Q

Give one of the main side effects of ca channel blockers

A

Oedema

26
Q

What drug class is verapamil

A

ca channel blocker

27
Q

What drugs are contra-indicated in asthma

A

b-blockers

be wary of NSAIDs

28
Q

List the b-lactam abx

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems

29
Q

Give examples of cephalosporins

A

Cephalexin, ceftriaxone

30
Q

How would you find for example: all drugs that cause hyperkalaemia

A

Appendix 1 interactions

31
Q

What is the maximum rate that potassium can be infused. How many mmol is in 0.15% KCl and 0.3%?

A

10mmol/hr
0.15 = 20mmol/L
0.3 = 40mmol/L

32
Q

What drug is used to treat anti-psychotic toxicity?

A

IV procyclidine

33
Q

If a drug, e.g adrenaline is stated to be 1:1000. How many mg of the drug is present?

A

1g of drug in 1000ml

34
Q

What is the glucose requirement for an adult in a day

A

50g

35
Q

Give fluid maintenance for children

A

100ml/kg/day for first 10kg
50ml/kg.day for next 10kg
20ml/kg/day for every kg over 20kg

36
Q
A

Pharmacy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions