Data Interpretation Flashcards
Give 2 key drugs that are either contraindicated or should be used with caution is asthmatics
b blockers and NSAIDS
What type of drug is clozapine and give 3 ADRs to be aware of
AGRANULOCYTOSIS AND NEUTROPENIA!!!
weight gain
hyperprolactinaemia
Give the causes of hyponatramia
Hypovolemic - fluid loss via D&V, addisons, diuretics
Euvolemic - SIADH, primary polydipsia, hypothyroid
Hypervolemic - HF, renal failure, liver failure
Give the causes of hypernatraemia
Dehydration, drips such as too much IV saline, drugs, diabetes insipidus
Give the main causes of microcytic anaemia
TAILS
thalassaemia
anaemia of chronic disease
iron deficiency
lead poisoning
sideroblastic anaemia
Give the main causes of a normocytic anaemia
Causes: 3A’s and 2H’s
Acute blood loss
Anaemia of chronic disease
Aplastic anaemia
Haemolytic anemia
Hypothyroidism
also chronic renal failure !!
Give the main causes for a macrocytic anaemia
Megaloblastic:
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Normoblastic:
Alcohol
Reticulocytosis
Hypothyroidism
Liver disease
Drugs such as azathioprine
myeloproliferative, myelodysplastic and multiple myeloma!
Give causes for high neutrophils (neutrophilia)
BACTERIAL INFECTION
tissue damage due to inflammation, infarct or malignancy
Steroid use
Give reasons for low neutrophils (neutropenia)
viral infection, clozapine use, carbimazole, chemo or radiotherapy
Give reasons for lymphocytosis
VIRAL INFECTION
lymphoma, CLL
Give some causes of thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytosis - bleeding, tissue damage, post splenectomy, myeloproliferative disorder
Thrombocytopenia - viral illness, penicilliamine!!!, other drugs,.
Heparin, hypersplnism, DIC, ITP HUS
Give causes of SIADH
Small cell lung ca
Infection
Abcess
Drugs - carbamepazine and antipsychotics
Head injury
Give some causes of hypokalaemia
Drugs such as loop and thiazide diuretics
Inadequate intake/ intestinal loss via d&/v
Renal tubular acidosis
Endocrine - cushings or conns
Give some causes of hyperkalaemia
Drugs such as potassium sparing diuretics
Renal failure
Addisons
DKA
Rhabdo
List some nephrotoxic abx and other drugs that cause AKI
gentamicin, vancomycin and tetracyclines
NSAIDs ACEin
Give causes of hepatitis including drugs
Alcohol, viruses - EBV, Hep, CMV
Drugs - paracetamol OD, rifampicin, statins
Define the meaning of narrow therapeutic index
small difference in blood concentration of drug between toxic and therapeutic levels
List some drugs that cause cholestasis
co-amoxiclav, flucloxacillin, nitrofuratoin, steroids, sulfynoreas
List some drugs with a narrow therapeutic index
digoxin, theophylline, lithium, phenyotin, gentamicin, vancomycin
Give the signs of digoxin toxicity
Confusion, nausea, visual halos and arryhtmia
Give signs of lithium toxicity
tremor, tiredness, arrythmia, seizure, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus
Give signs of phenytoin toxicity
gum hypertrophy, ataxia, nystagmus, peripheral neuropathy and teratogenicity
Give signs of toxicity for gentalmycin
ototoxicity and nepthrotoxocityG
Give signs of vancomycin
Nephro and ototoxicity
If the peak of a drug (when monitoring) is out of range, how should you adjust the drug regime?
Adjust the dose
If the trough of a drug is out of range, how should you alter the drug regime
Adjust the Time you give the dose, i.e dose interval.
Dose stays the same. Wrong Trough, change Time! <3
What information is needed to calculate the dose of gentamicin?
weight and RENAL FUNCTION!
If plot on nomogram falls within 24h area what should be done with drug dosing
continue same dose
If plot on nomogram falls in 36h area how should the drug regime be changed
change to 36 hourly dosing
If plot on nomogram falls in 48h area how should the drug regime be changed
change to 48 hourly dosing
If plot on monogram falls above 48h area how should the dug regime be changed
repeat gent levels and only re dose when conc is under 1mg/L
