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Prescribing exam > Prescribing section > Flashcards

Prescribing section Flashcards

1
Q

What is an enzyme inducer

A

Increase CYP450 activity
faster metabolism
decreased therapeutic effect

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2
Q

Give examples of enzyme inducers

A

PC BRAS
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbituates
Rifampicin
Alcohol - chronic excess
Sulphonyureas
St Johns wart
Smoking
Topiramate

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3
Q

What is an enzyme inhibitor

A

Decreases activity of enzyme
decreased metabolism
remains active for longer

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4
Q

Give examples of enzyme inhibitors

A

AO DEVICES
Allopurinol / Amiodarone
Omeprazole
Disulfiram
Erythromycin
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
Ethanol - Acute
Sulphonamides
Grapefruit juice
SSRI/SNRI

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5
Q

What medications should be stopped prior to surgery

A

I LACK OP
Insulin
Lithium - day before
Anticoagulants/platelets
COCP / HRT - 4 weeks before
K+ sparing diuretics
Oral hypoglycaemics
Perindropil - And other ACEi

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6
Q

What can carbamazepine cause

A

Hyponatraemia

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7
Q

when should steroid be prescribed

A

Morning - prevent sleep

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8
Q

when should brand names of drugs be used

A

Insulin
Anti-epilleptics

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9
Q

What shoudl be prescribed for a patient in DKA

A

Fluids - 1L 0.9% NaCl over 1 hour
Stat if hypotensive

Insulin - Fixed rate
0.1units/kg/hr

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10
Q

How does trimethorpim affect renal function

A

Falsely causes rise in Creatnine –> AKI

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11
Q

What is gentamicin prescribing based on

A

Ideal body weight

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12
Q

What is a risk of prescribing quinolones

A

tendon damage

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13
Q

Name an adverse effect of co-amoxiclav

A

Increased risk of cholestasis

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14
Q

Name 2 adverse reactions assosciated with ciclosporin

A

gungival hypetrophy
nephrotoxicity

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15
Q

Name 2 adverse reactions associated with tacrolimus

A

Cardiomyopathy
peripheral neuropathy
DM
Pancytopenia

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16
Q

Name 2 adverse reactions assosciated with Mycophenelate

A

GI upset
Myelosuppresion

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17
Q

Name adverse effects of steroids

A

CORTIOSTEROID
Cushings syndrome
Osteoperosis
Retardation of growth
Thin skin / easy bruising
Immunosupression
Cataracts
Oedema
Stomach ulcers
Teratogenic
Emotional - psychosis
Rise in BP
Obesity
Increased hair growth
DM
Striae

18
Q

Name anticholinergic side effects

A

Cant shit, cant spit, cant see, cant pee
Blurred vision
cosntipation
dry mouth
urinary retention

19
Q

Name anti-muscarinic side effects

A

confusion
dialted pupil
loss of accommodation
dry mouth
tachycardia

20
Q

What drugs should be stopped in an AKI

A

DAMN
Diuretics
ACEi
Metformin
NSAIDs

21
Q

Describe the management of hypoglycaemia

A

Conscious - oral glucose

Unconscious
- IM glucagon

Unresponsive to IM or prolonged hypo
10% IV glucose infusion

22
Q

Name 2 thin emolients

A

E45
Aveeno
Diprobase cream
Oilatum

23
Q

Name 2 thick emolients

A

Diprobase ointment
Hydromol ointment
Cetraben ointment

24
Q

Describe the topical steroid ladder

A

Hydrocortisone
Eumovate
Betnovate
Dermovate

25
Q

When should prophylactic LMWH not be given to patients

A

Risk of bleeding
Following acute ischaemic stroke

26
Q

What is a contraindication to compression stockings

A

PAD - absent limb pulses
Can lead to critical limb ischaemia

27
Q

How many boluses can you give prior to escalation

A

6 - 2000mls

28
Q

Describe what happens if Methotrexate and NSAIDs are co-prescribed

A

Low platelet count

29
Q

Describe what happens if methotrexate and PPIs are co-prescribed

A

PPI - Enzyme inhibitor
Increased level of methotrexate

30
Q

Name drugs most likely to cause ototoxicity

A

Gentamicin
Vancomucin
Furosemide
Butenamide

31
Q

Name drugs most liekly to cause C.diff

A

Clindamycin
Co-amox
Cephalosporin
Ciprofloxacin

32
Q

How often should you change a fentanyl patch

A

every 3 days

33
Q

when should an asthmatic patient seek medical help

A

The usual dose not preventing sx

34
Q

what are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia

A

Fast heartbeat.
Shaking.
Sweating.
Nervousness or anxiety.
Irritability or confusion.
Dizziness.
Hunger.

35
Q

What anti-depressants are licensed in anxiety

A

Escitalopram
Sertraline
Paroxetine

2nd line
- Duloxetine
- Venlafaxine

36
Q

What is the max dose of escitalopram in the elderly

A

10mg

37
Q

When are steroid prescribed

A

Morning

38
Q

When are statins prescribed

A

At night

39
Q

What medications cause diarrhoea

A

Antibiotics
PPI
Laxatives
Antidepressants

40
Q

What medications cause oral thrush

A

Abx - Amoxicillin
Inhaled ICS
Immunosuppresant

41
Q

How does an Addisonian crisis present

A

Reduced consciousness
Hypotension
Hypoglycaemia
hyponatraemia
hyperkaemia

Prescribing exam (11 decks)

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