Preschoolers and School-age Children

Question 1

Matt enjoys picture books. He hops on one foot and knows some rules of grammar. He can also draw squares. How old is Matt?

Answer 1

3-4 years old

Question 2

Emma understands almost 2000 words and also draws triangles. How old is Emma?

Answer 2

4-5 years old

Question 3

Preschool years (ages _____) correspond to Erikson’s psychosocial stage of ______ vs____, in which the child struggles with the question: Can I engage and succeed in challenging tasks without becoming overly frustrated and then guilty?

Answer 3

ages 3-6

initiative vs guilt

Question 4

Preschool children struggle with Freud’s psychosexual ______ stage. At this time, children begin to understand that people may have relationships with each other outside of the child’s relationship with them. Classically, the mother and father have a relationship that the child feels excluded from. This may contribute to competitive relationships.

Answer 4

Oedipal

Question 5

Children learn to play cooperatively, inhibiting impulses to be aggressive or selfish, around age _____. Conveniently, this is when children can begin to play with others at school.

Answer 5

ages 3-6

Question 6

By age _____ years, a child has reached Piaget’s _____ level of cognition. The child is aware of time as a continuum with a past, present, and future. However, the child exhibits a great deal of __________ which allows children to have imaginary friends and play, which is very important in preschoolers.

Answer 6

preoperational

magical thinking

Question 7

a disorder in which the child will not speak in specific social situations but does not have a communication disorder

Answer 7

selective mutism

Question 8

disorders that are transient and result from a specific event, such as illness, parental , divorce, move, or birth of a new sibling; these are manifested in mood or behavioral changes

Answer 8

adjustment disorders

Question 9

Children begin to establish guilt and a sense of morality at ages _____. This is why a child may believe that he needed a heart transplant because he was naughty.

Answer 9

3-6

Question 10

School aged children (ages ____) work through Erikson’s psychosocial stage of ________ vs __________, during which they ask the question: Do I have the ability to do the work that I need to succeed (e.g. schoolwork)?

Answer 10

ages 6-11

industry vs inferiority

Question 11

Ron is mastering games and sports and excelling at academics while increasing his independence and capacity for judgment. He also understands concrete operations (rules of logic, reversibility, conservation of mass). He is within the ages of _____.

Answer 11

6-11

Question 12

School age children transform their previous idealization of parental figures into an appreciation of the values their parents stand for. Therefore, this transition allows children to have new __________ to look up to.

Answer 12

new adult role models.

Question 13

The conscience evolves in school age children, allowing them to develop what types of feelings?

Answer 13

empathy, internal guilt, and a concern for what is morally right.

Question 14

Children between the ages of ______ begin to see rules as agreements made between all interested parties that can be changed if a consensus is reached.

Answer 14

7-8

Question 15

Piaget’s stage of ________ includes rules of logic, categories, classification, serial ordering, reversibility, and conservation of mass. They also understand the concept of numbers and spatial measurement. This begins at approximately ages ____ and ends at approximately ages _____

Answer 15

concrete operations

begins at age 7-8, ends at age 11-12

Question 16

children experience increased body modesty and self-consciousness in the _________ grades. This may lead to difficulties in performing a physical exam. This is considered to be part of Freud’s psychosexual ________ stage.

Answer 16

4th and 5th grades

latency stage