Presbyopia and Astigmatism

Question 1

When parallel rays of light enter the eye (with accommodation relaxed) and do not come to a single point focus on or near the retina

Answer 1

Astigmatism

Question 2

It is when the cornea has unequal curvature on the anterior surface

Answer 2

Corneal Astigmatism

Question 3

It is when the crystalline lens has an unequal curvature on the surface or in its layers

Answer 3

Lenticular Astigmatism

Question 4

The sum of corneal astigmatism and lenticular astigmatism

Answer 4

Total Astigmatism

Question 5

When the greatest refractive power is within 0-30 of the vertical meridian

Answer 5

With the rule Astigmatism

Question 6

When the greatest refractive power is within 0-30 of the horizontal meridian

Answer 6

Against the rule Astigmatism

Question 7

When the greatest refractive power is within 0-30 of the oblique meridians

Answer 7

Oblique Astigmatism

Question 8

When two principal meridians are perpendicular to each other

Answer 8

Regular Astigmatism

Question 9

When two principal meridians are not perpendicular to each other

Answer 9

Irregular Astigmatism

Question 10

Optical Management for Astigmatism

Answer 10

Spectacles, Contact Lens

Question 11

Lens to be used for Astigmatism

Answer 11

Cylindrical Lens

Question 12

When both eyes are with-the-rule or both against-the-rule

Answer 12

Homonymous

Question 13

When one eye is with-the-rule and the other is against-the-rule

Answer 13

Heteronymous

Question 14

With accommodation relaxed, one meridian would focus on the retina and the other would focus in front of the retina

Answer 14

Simple Myopic Astigmatism

Question 15

With accommodation relaxed, one meridian tends to focus behind the retina, while the other focuses in front of the retina

Answer 15

Mixed Astigmatism

Question 16

It is sometimes called “short-arm syndrome”

Answer 16

Presbyopia

Question 17

Attributes all of the loss in acc. to biomechanical changes in the lens capsule and lens and none to ciiliary muscle

Answer 17

Helmholtz- Hess-Gullstrand Theory

Question 18

It is a condition in which there is the inability of the human eye to focus on objects up close that results with aging

Answer 18

Presbyopia

Question 19

The amount of ciliary muscle contraction needed to produce a unit change in acc. progressively increase with age.

Answer 19

Donder’s-Duane-Fincham Theory

Question 20

It is a result of continuous gradual decline in accommodation

Answer 20

Absolute Presbyopia

Question 21

It is when adult patients eventually report visual difficulties when faced with gradually declining accommodative amplitude and near task demands

Answer 21

Functional Presbyopia

Question 22

A condition which can still be overcome by a hard or forced ciliary effort

Answer 22

Facultative Presbyopia

Question 23

With the use of contact lens, one eye is used for near and one eye is for far

Answer 23

Monovision

Question 24

It is the maximum increase in optical power than an eye can achieve in adjusting its focus from as far as possible

Answer 24

Amplitude of Accommodation

Question 25

The Near Chart VA should be held approximately how many cm from the patient?

Answer 25

40cm

Question 26

Comfortable vision at near uses less than or equal to half of the available amplitude of accommodation

Answer 26

Near Work

Question 27

What type of lens is used for treating presbyopia?

Answer 27

Convex lenses

Question 28

It is the autofocus muscle

Answer 28

Ciliary Muscle

Question 29

It is a situation where the Amplitude (D) is not sufficient to the Age

Answer 29

Accommodative Insufficiency

Question 30

True or False. The use of age as a final guide, the case history, the height segment, and proper decentration are some of the things to be considered in affecting the correction of Presbyopia.

Answer 30

False