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Primary Eye and Vision Care > Anisometropia and Aniseikonia > Flashcards

Anisometropia and Aniseikonia Flashcards

1
Q

A condition in which the refractive status of one eye differs from that the other.

A

Anisometropia

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2
Q

A form of anisometropia in which one eye is myopic and the other hyperopic.

A

Antimetropia

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3
Q

The condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive power. One eye may be myopic (nearsighted) and the other hyperopic (farsighted) or one eye may be markedly stronger than the other.

A

ANISOMETROPIA or ASYMMETROPIA

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4
Q

this occurs because of differential growth of the eyeball of both eyes. It is hereditary in origin.

A

Congenital Anisometropia

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5
Q

created by trauma, pathology or the results of systemic changes.

A

Acquired Anisometropia

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6
Q

It is a condition in which the refractive power of the two eyes is unequal.

A

Absolute anisometropia

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7
Q

It is that type of refractive anomaly in which although the total refraction of the two eyes is equal, the component elements in each show relatively large differences. In other words, the total refraction of the two eyes can be equal, but the axial length may be different.

A

Relative anisometropia

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8
Q

Type of Absolute Anisometropia where one eye is normal and the other is either hypermetropic or myopic.

A

Simple Absolute Anisometropia

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9
Q

Type of Absolute Anisometropia where both eyes are ametropic either hyperopic or myopic, but one eye has a higher refractive error.

A

Compound Absolute Anisometropia

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10
Q

Type of Absolute Anisometropia where both eyes are ametropic either hyperopic or myopic, but one eye has a higher refractive error.

A

Compound Absolute Anisometropia

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11
Q

In this both eyes are ametropic. One eye is hyperopic and the other is myopic. This is called antimetropia.

A

Mixed Absolute Anisometropia

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12
Q

when one eye is normal and the other has either myopic or hyperopic astigmatism.

A

Simple Astigmatic Anisometropia

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13
Q

when both eyes are astigmatic but of unequal degree.

A

Compound Astigmatic Anisometropia

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14
Q

If the anisometropia is high and the eyes have a good visual acuity, the patient gets into the habit of using the hypermetropic eye for distance and the myopic eye for near vision.

A

Alternating Vision

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15
Q

In small degrees of anisometropia , this occurs. If there is a difference of more than 5D between the two eyes, the patient loses binocularity.

A

binocular vision

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16
Q

If the defect in one eye is high and if its visual acuity is not good, the eye can be excluded altogether from vision and the eye becomes amblyopic.

A

Amblyopia

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17
Q

A concomitant convergent squint occurs in children with the eye having the defect becoming convergent.

A

Strabismus

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18
Q

It is a serious concern in newborns and young children because it can lead to amblyopia (impaired vision in one eye).

A

Anisometropia

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19
Q

This is when a person has double vision

A

Diplopia

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20
Q

It is a clinical test mainly used for assessing a patient’s degree of “binocular vision” and “binocular single vision”.

A

Worth-4-Light test

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21
Q

Tests for amblyopia

A

LEA Vision Test System

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22
Q

Test for suppression

A

Worth-4-dot test

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23
Q

A red reflex is when light is transmitted through the transparent portions of the eye and reflects off the retina, creating a reddish orange reflection in the eyes.

A

iScreen Vision

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24
Q

The various modes of optical treatment and management are:

A

Spectacles

Contact lenses

25
Q

The corrective spectacles can be tolerated up to maximum difference of 4D. Higher than that, diplopia may occur.

A

Spectacles

26
Q

advised for higher degrees of anisometropia.

A

Contact Lens

27
Q

for uniocular aphakia

A

IOL implantation

28
Q

for unilateral high myopia, astigmatism, and hypermetropia

A

Refractive corneal surgery

29
Q

It is a binocular condition, so the image in one eye is perceived as different in size compared to the image in the other eye.

A

Aniseikonia

30
Q

He commented upon the probability of unequal image sizes.

A

Donders

31
Q

Discussed the possibility (1903)

A

C.Hess

32
Q

Designed iseikonic lenses for aniseikonia

A

Von Rohr

33
Q

Condition in which ocular images are unequal in size and shape

A

Aniseikonia

34
Q

Lenses which correct aniseikonia and include also the correction of refractive error.

A

Iseikonic Lenses

35
Q

It is when eyes are gazing in a certain direction

and images are different in size

A

Static Aniseikonia

36
Q

When eyes have to rotate a different amount to gaze at the same point in space

A

Dynamic Aniseikonia

37
Q

The size of one ocular image is symmetrically larger that the other.

A

Overall Symmetrical

38
Q

the size of one ocular image is symmetrically larger that the other in one meridian only; Axis 90, Axis 180, Axis oblique

A

Meridional Symmetrical

39
Q

combination of overall and meridional is manifested.

A

Compound Symmetrical

40
Q

Image distortion increases progressively in both directions

A

Pincushion

41
Q

Image distortion decreases progressively in both directions

A

Barrel

42
Q

Image difference increases progressively in one direction

A

Prismatic

43
Q

Image size remains the same but there occurs an oblique distortion of shape

A

Oblique

44
Q

Based on binocular space perception

A

SPACE EIKONOMETRIC METHOD

45
Q

Based on directly comparing perceived image sizes between the two eyes

A

DIRECT COMPARISON METHOD

46
Q

instrumentformeasuringaniseikonia

A

Space Eikonometer

47
Q

uses as a target a cross with a small white disc at the center of a black square at its intersection

A

direct comparison (or standard eikonometer)

48
Q

3 commercially available direct comparison tests

A
  1. New Aniseikonia Test (Awaya Test)
  2. Basic Aniseikonia Test (version 1)
  3. Aniseikonia Inspector (version 3)
49
Q

The Awaya test for Aniseikonia provides amanual methodto detect and calibrate the Aniseikonic condition.

A

New Aniseikonia Test

50
Q

it is an easy-to-useWindowssoftware program to test the aniseikonia of a patient. It uses of red-green glasses

A

Basic Aniseikonia Test (version 1)

51
Q

is a Windows software program for the clinical management of aniseikonia. It contains:
an advanced aniseikonic test
a design tool to calculate corecting prescriptions (aniseikonia and anisophoria corrections)

A

Aniseikonia Inspector (version 3)

52
Q

The patient’s task is to simply identify for each presentation which comparison target is perceived as

A

larger

53
Q

Symptoms:

A 
Headache
Asthenopia (fatigue, burning, tearing, pain, pulling, etc.)
Photophobia 
Reading difficulty
Nausea
54
Q

Especially with anisometropiait has been shown that this solution (but not always) give less aniseikonia than regular spectacle lenses.

A

Optical solution 1: Contact Lenses only

55
Q

This is the classic aniseikonia correction. Optical magnification changes are induced by changing the shape of the spectacle lenses (curvature, thickness) and/or the distance of the lenses to the eyes.

A

Optical Solution 2: Glasses only, good VA

56
Q

Altering the refractive power of one of the spectacle lenses.
As a consequence the image is blurred in one eye, reducing the effectiveVAin that eye.

A

Optical solution 3: Glasses only, compromised VA

57
Q

This solution is similar to solution 3, but now one contact lens is added to restore the compromised visual acuity.

A

Optical Solution 4: Contact-Glasses Combination

58
Q

If an optical correction is not possible or does not provide enough correction, a __ may still be tried

A

partial occlusion

59
Q

Instead of occluding part of the visual field, another approach could be to occlude the whole visual field, but with a partial ____

A

transparent foil.

Primary Eye and Vision Care (4 decks)

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