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OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY > Presbyopia > Flashcards

Presbyopia Flashcards

1
Q

aging in the ciliary muscle leads to Loss of muscle fibers and a (increase/decrease) in connective tissue

A

increase

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2
Q

aging in ciliary muscle leads to Contractile force does not (decrease/increase), it (increases/decrease) and is at a maximum at the age presbyopia is manifest

A

decrease

increases

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3
Q

The inner apex of the unaccommodated ciliary muscle resides further (forward/backward) and (inward/outward) toward anteroposterior axis in teh aging eye

A

forward

inward

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4
Q

T/F at rest the aged human ciliary muscle may be less able to hold or pull the crystallin lens into its flattened and unaccommodated configuration

A

T

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5
Q

T/F Unaccommodated aged ciliary muscles has the same configuration as young accommodated ciliary muscle

A

T

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6
Q

Thickness of the lens capsule (increases/decreases) from ___µm at birth to __ µm at 60 years then (decreases/increases) slightly thereafter

A) 11-30
B)11-20
C)1-20

A

increases

11-20

decreases

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7
Q

Force transmitted per unit thickness (decreases/increases) by half at age 60

A

decreases

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8
Q

(Increased/decreased) thickness compensates for the loss of elasticity

A

increased

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9
Q

The (capsule/ciliary body/iris) also gets more brittle in aging, (more/less) extensible , and (thinner/thicker)

A

capsule
less
thicker

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10
Q
  • -Thickness of the lens capsule increases from 11µm at birth to 20 µm at 60 years then decreases slightly thereafter
  • -Force transmitted per unit thickness decreases by half at age 60
  • -Increased thickness compensates for the loss of elasticity
  • -The capsule also gets more brittle
  • all of these describe what theory of aging in the lens capsule?
A

Fisher theory

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11
Q

Growth of the _(ciliarybody/iris/lens)___ is continuous throughout life

A

lens

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12
Q

Growth of the lens has a linear mass (increase/decrease) of ___times over the human life span

A) 3.5
B)2.5
C)1.5

A

increase

1.5

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13
Q

T/F The eqatorial diameter decreases throughout the growth of the lens

A

F. INCREASES

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14
Q

When removed from the eye and isolated from external zonular forces, younger lenses tend to become (accommodated/unaccommodated) while older presbyopic lenses (do not/do) undergo a change in shape.

A

accommodated

do not

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15
Q

Hardness of the lens undergoes more than a four-fold , exponential (decrease/increase) over the a life span and wont stop until the age of ___

A) 35
B)50
C)60
D)40

A

increase

50

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16
Q

T/F Hardness of the lens can account for loss of accommodation with increasing age

A

T

17
Q

T/F although presbyopia results in a complete loss of accommodation by age 50 yrs, the hardness of the human lens continues to increase beyond this age throughout the human life span

A

T

18
Q

As someone ages:

  • -lens thickness (increases/decreases/same)
  • -anterior chamber depth (increases/decreases/same)
  • -anterior segment length (increases/decreases/same)
A

increases

decreases

stays the same

19
Q

Lenticular sclerosis is describing when the crystalline lens gets harder with (increasing/decreasing) age

A

increasing

20
Q

What happens to the lens when describing lenticular sclerosis

A

gets harder with increasing age

21
Q

Lenticular sclerosis is most commonly articulated as the explanation for (hyperopia/myopia/persbyopia)

A

presbyopia

22
Q

Presbyopia is a consequence of the altered geometry of the (lens/zonular/iris/cornea/maccular) relationship
–pick two

A

lens/zonular

23
Q

In young lens–the anterior zonular connections are (far/near) the lens equator and exert strong influence on the curvature of the lens–from the geometric theory

A

near

24
Q

Aged lens–the zonular connections are farther forwad so there is not effective (relaxation/contraction) of the force with ciliary muscle contraction –from geometric theory

A

relaxation

25
Q

T/F the geometric theory argues that aged lenses have zonular connections that are farther forward so there is no effective relaxation of the forse with ciliary muscle contraction

A

T

26
Q

T/F the geometric theory argues that in young lenses the anterior zonular connections are near the lens equator and exert strong influence on the curvature of the lens

A

T

27
Q

The disaccommodation theory states that presbyopia (is/is not) caused by a failure of the lens to accommodate,But it (is/is not) caused by a gradual failure of the lens to be held in an (unaccommodated/accommodate) form at rest

A

is not

is

unaccommodated

28
Q

The (multifactorial/unaccommodation/geometrical) theory presbyopia results not from an single causal factor, but through global deterioration of (accommodative/unaccommodative) function of many aspects of the (accommodative/unaccommodative) apparatus

A

multifactorial

accommodative

accommadative

29
Q

T/F
Multifactorial theory states:
Presbyopia is not an end point, but a time point in a gradual, progressive continuum of deterioration of the accommodative structures

A

T

30
Q 
Spectacle lenses
Contact lenses
Corneal refractive surgical procedures
Or artificial intraocular lenses (IOLs)
--all of these can be used as optical compensation for (presbyopes/hyperopes)
A

presbyopes

31
Q

presbyopia ultimately culminates in the (gain/loss) of physiologic funciton

A

loss

OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY (13 decks)

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