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OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY > Accommodation > Flashcards

Accommodation Flashcards

1
Q

A dynamic change in the power of the eye
And a change in the focus from distance to near
—is describing what?

A

accomodation

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2
Q

In accomodation the optical power of the lens(increase/decreases)

A

increases

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3
Q

accomodation is measured in ____ a measure of the ____ of light

A

Diopters

vergence

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4
Q

Accomodation is mediated through:
(contraction/relaxation) of the ciliary muscle
release of zonular (tension/relaxation) of the equator
(rounding/flattening) up of the lens (force exerted by capsule)

A

contraction
tension

rounding

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5
Q

The increased opitcal poewr of accomodation is achieved through (increase/decrease) anterior and posterior lens sruface curvatures and (increased/decrease) thickness of the lens

A

increased

increased

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6
Q

T/F in accommodation the lens decreases in size

A

T

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7
Q

In a unaccommodated eye the image of the distant object is (not in /in) focus retina

A

in

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8
Q

In a unaccommodating eye the image of near object is (in/out) of focus on retina

A

out

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9
Q

In a accommodated eye image of near object (in/out) focus on retina

A

in

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10
Q

Myopes can focus clearly on objects (closer/farther) than optical infinity without accommodation

A

closer

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11
Q

Hyperopes can focus clearly on objects at optical infinity only through an accommodative (increase/decrease)or with (positively/negatively) powered lenses

A

increase

positively

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12
Q

Because the cornea is made up of largely fluid and proteins it has a (higher/lower) refractive index then air which is 1.00

A

higher

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13
Q

What is the refractive index f the cornea?

A

1.376

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14
Q

The optical power of the cornea is attributable to a combination of the (positive/negative) radius of curvature and the (higher/lower) refractive index than the surrounding air.

A

positive

higher

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15
Q

T/F
The refractive index of aqueous humor and cornea is very different therefore the posterior cornea and aquieous interface is relatively large.

A

F
The refractive index of aqueous humor and cornea is very SIMILAR therefore the posterior cornea and aquieous interface is relatively SMALL

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16
Q

T/F The vitreous humor and aqueous humor have different refractive index

A

F. both have 1.336

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17
Q

T/F the surfaces of the lens has a different refractive index then the center of the lens

A

T. surface is 1.386

center 1.406

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18
Q

The optical power of the cornea comes from the change in____ ____ and the (positive/negative) radius of curvature

Additionallly, the (center/anterior/posteror/lateral) surfaces of the lens also add the optical power of the eye.–pick two

A

refractive index

positive

anterior , posterior

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19
Q

It was found that in the past it was thought that the (posterior/anterior) lens surface did not move with accomoation and the posterior lens surface curvature did not chage
—However—-
It stands corrected that the (posterior/anterior) lens surface increases in curvature and moves (upward/backward) with accommodation

A

posterior

posterior

backward

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20
Q

The range over which a target can be moved toward or away from the eye wihtout a perceptible change in the blur or focus of the image describes what —(depth of field/depth of focus)

A

depth of field

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21
Q

The focusing error that can be tolerated without an appreciable decrease in acuity or change in blur or focus of the image on the retina–which one does this describe
(depth of field/depth of focus)

A

depth of focus

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22
Q

T/F For any given accommodative state, there is a range of distances over which an object is perceived to be in focus.

A

T

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23
Q

Depth of focus is dependent on __(sclera/cornea/pupil)___ size

A

pupil

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24
Q

Large/Small pupil = Larger depth of focus

A

Small

25
Q

Large/Small pupil = Small depth of focus

A

Larger

26
Q

With accomodation the pupil size (increases/decreases) , increases the depth of focus

A

decreases

27
Q

T/F Nothing happens to the pupil size as you age with accomodation

A

F. as you age pupil size decreases

28
Q

Senile miosis –(increases/decreases) pupil size

A

decreases

29
Q

In senile miosis , (increased/decreased) need for add in presbyopic correction which (increases/decreases) depth of focus

A

decrease

increases

30
Q

Why would senile miosis help pt. who are aging? (what activity would it help with)

A

reading

31
Q

In accomodation at rest, the eye is focused for (near/distance) and the zonules apply an (inward/outward) tension on the lens

A

distance

outward

32
Q

The lens is held in a relatively flattened and (accomodatied/unaccomodated) state

A

unaccomodated

33
Q

At rest, the eyes have some residual or resting level of accommodation amounting to approximately __ diopters. This is called ____ accommodation.

A) 2.5
B)1.5
C)3.5
D)4.5

A

1.5

tonic

34
Q

Pupil (constrict/dilate)
eyes (converge/diverge)
Eyes (accomodate/unaccomodate)

–this describes the accomodative _____

A

constrict
converge
accomodate

triad

35
Q

Accommodative stimulus presented monocularly results in a (monocular/binocular) accommodation and convergence response.
Similarly, a convergence stimulus in one eye resutls in pupil (dilation/constriction), convergence , accomodation in both eyes

A

binocular

constriction

36
Q

What is another name for the accommodative triade?

A

near reflex

37
Q

Inducing accommodation is done with a _(-/+)__ lens in front of an eye, the eyes accommodates to overcome the defocus

A

(-)

38
Q

If the vergence of the eyes is increased, for instance by placing (base-out/base-in) prisms in front of the eyes, pupil (constriction/dilates), convergence, and accommodation occur.

A

base-out

constriction

39
Q

accomodation is ___driven

A

blur

40
Q

Topical application of muscarinic cholinergic agonist (pilocarpine) to the eye results in stimulation of the (ciliary muscle/iris/cornea)

A

ciliary muscle

41
Q

Pupil constriction occurs with pharmacologic stimulation, but (convergence/divergence) does not.

A

Convergence

42
Q

T/F accommodation can also be induced through pharmacologic stimulation

A

T

43
Q

Accommodative __(exotropia/esotropia)___ often occurs in uncorrected hyperopes as a consequence of needing to accommodate to even see distant objects in focus

A

esotropia

44
Q

T/F accommodative esotripa only occurs in uncorrected myopes as a consequence of needing to focus a distant object

A

F. hyperopes

45
Q

Atropin, cylopentolate, troicamide– all three of these__(activate/block)____ accomodation

A

block

46
Q

Atropin cyclopentolate and tropicamide block accommodation by acting like (agonist/antagonist) to the muscarinic receptors, they (do not/do) activate receptor

A

agonists

do not

47
Q

blocking accomodation is called?

A

cycloplegia

48
Q

Using a minus lens in front of the eyes or eye can (maximize/minimize) the letter size

A

minimize

49
Q

T/F you can measure accomodativeamplitude by putting plus lenses on a patients eye

A

F. MINUS LENSES

50
Q

T/F Accurate objective measurement requires static or dynamic refractometers

A

T

51
Q

The age related loss in accomodative abiliy, results in nearly complete loss in accommodative ability by about __yrs of age

A) 60
B)50
C)35
D)45

A

50

52
Q

Per decade there is a ____D linear decline in objective measurement of accommodation

A) 2.3
B)1.3
C)3.3
D)4.5

A

2.3

53
Q

2/3 of accommodative amplitude is lost between ages __to__

A) 10-20
B)15-25
C)15-35
D)10-35

A

15-35

54
Q 
Which age group is of most interest in understanding the progression to presbyopia ?
A) 10-20
B)15-25
C)15-35
D)10-35
Why is this age group of most interest?
A

15-35, becasue they lose 2/3 of accomodative amplitude

55
Q

Corneal refractive surger
cataract surgery
accomodative IOLs

–these are all surgical options for persons with ____(hyperopia/myopia/presbyopia)___

A

presbyopia

56
Q

Controversial surgical interventions claim to actually restore ___(the cornea/accomodation_____

A

accomodation

57
Q

T/F future surgical prospect may include a deformable polymer

A

T

58
Q

What is an example of a controversial surgical intervention that claims to restore natural accommodation?

A

scleral expansion surgery

OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY (13 decks)

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