PREPOSITIONS Flashcards
From, of
Az
از
With
Bā
با
Above, over
Bar
بَار
To, towards
Beh
به
In, into, at, inside, over at
In, inside (colloquial)
Dar
دَر
____
Toy-e (colloq.)
توی
For
Barā-ye
برای
On, over, on top of
On, over, on top of (colloquial)
Ru-ye
روی
______
Ru (colloq.)
رو
Under, underneath
Zir
زیر
Over, on top of, above
Bālā-ye
بالای
Until, till, so that, up to, as far as
Tāh
تا
After(wards)
Ba’d az
بعداز
Before
Qabl az
قبل از
Except
Qeer az
غیر از
About, regarding, concerning
About, regarding, concerning (colloq.)
Rāje’be
راجع به
____
Dar bāre-ye (colloq.)
دربارهی
Prepositional phrases
Two groups:
1. A noun or an adverb preceded by a preposition + followed by ezāfe [e/ye]
English e.g. ‘of’ as in ‘in front of’
– most commonly used prepositions used are dar = in, at and bar = (up)on
2. Adverb or an adjective followed by a simple preposition, more frequently az, ‘from, of
1st group of prepositional phrases
در/نا/بر/به
2nd group of prepositional phrases
The Demonstrative Adjectives
When any of the demonstratives این (this) & ان (that, it) accompany a noun, functioning a an adjective
– In Persian they are invariably singular, even when they modify a plural noun.
Demonstrative adjective examples
This book – in ketāb – این کتاب
That notebook – ān daftar – آن دفتر
These books – in ketāb hā – این کتابها
Those notebooks – ān daftar hā – آن دفتر ها
The demonstrative pronoun examples
This is a man – in mard ast – این مرد است
That is a woman – ān zan ast – آن زن است
These are men – in mard hastand – این ها مرد هستند
Those are women – ān hā zan hastand – آن ها زن هستند
•This boy is (a) student – in pesar dāneš āmuz ast – این پسر دانش آموز است
•Those boys are are students – ān pesar ha dāneš āmuz hastand – آن پسر ها دانش آموز هستند
• = generic noun is invariably singular when modified by plural demonstrative pronoun
