PREPARATION - REFUSAL Flashcards
STAGES OF HANDLING THE INTERVIEW:
1) Preparation
2) Approach
3) Warming Up
4) Cognitive Interview
The investigator should “review the facts at the crime scene” and information from other sources in order that he would be ready for the questioning.
Preparation
A “background data of the subject should be available” so that he could adapt himself to the kind of approach to be employed.
Preparation
The investigator must “carefully select his kind of approach”, which maybe a single kind, a combination of two or the application of all the techniques.
Approach
“Avoid multiple, complex and legalistic questions”.
One question at a time
This is being done by preliminary or exploratory questions to clear the atmosphere, promote a conducive ground for cordiality, “respect, and trust for each “
Warming Up
The subject is now “asked to narrate his account without interruption”, intervention or inference
Cognitive Interview
RULES IN QUESTIONING:
1) One Question at a Time
2) Avoid Implied Answers
3) Simplicity of Questions
4) Saving Faces
5) Yes and No Answers
The “nod of the head” or any other body language as a response to the question should be avoided
Avoid Implied Answers
The” answer must be oral, clear”, explicit and responsive to the questions.
Avoid Implied Answers
A “short simple question” at a time is required. Avoid legalistic questions.
Simplicity of Questions
Do not ask questions which could be answered by YES or NO.
Yes and No Answers
It will curtail the complete flow of information and will lead to inaccuracy
Yes and No Answers
Embarrassing questions on the subject on matters of exaggeration or honest errors about time, distance and description can be avoided if the investigator will cooperate with subject to “save his face.”
Saving Faces
TYPES OF WITNESSES ACCORDING TO THEIR ATTITUDE:
1) Know-Nothing Type
2) Disinterested Type
3) The Drunken Type
4) Suspicious Type
5) Talkative Type
6) Honest Witnesses
7) Deceitful Witness
8) Timid Witness
9) Boasting, Egoistic, or Egocentric Witnesses
10) Refusal to Talk Witnesses
These are the “reluctant types of witnesses”
Know-Nothing Type
They are among the “uneducated and of low level of intelligence”
Know-Nothing Type
This is the “uncooperative and indifferent subject”
Disinterested Type
Their indifference should be “demolished to arouse their interest” or be flattered.
Disinterested Type
- The style of questioning by the investigator should be “adapted to the psychology of the subject”.
The Drunken Type
“Written statement must be taken during his sobriety”.
The Drunken Type
These types of witnesses are “suspicious about the motive” and actions of the investigator
Suspicious Type
The “barrier of the suspicions” may be removed by sincere explanations or psychological pressure
Suspicious Type
These are witnesses who are “prone to exaggerate, adding irrelevant” or new matters to their narrations
Talkative Type
The skillful investigator could “prune the unnecessary matters” from relevant ones
Talkative Type
These are “truthful and cooperative witnesses” where the investigator could rely upon, with little or no problem in handling them
Honest Witnesses
These are “liar type of witnesses.”
Deceitful Witness
They will be “enmeshed in contradictions”
Deceitful Witness
They are the “shy-type of witnesses.”
Timid Witness
The “approach must be friendly” and reassuring confidentiality of their information.
Timid Witness
They will be “good witnesses” because of their ability of expressing their accounts of the commission of the crime.
Boasting Witnesses
They are “susceptible to add color” or importance in their role as witnesses, probably under-rating the accounts of others.
Boasting Witnesses
These are the “most difficult subjects to deal with”
Refusal to Talk Witnesses
The causes maybe “trauma, shock, fear, hatred, and others. “
Refusal to Talk Witnesses
