Preparation of Surgical Patient Flashcards
Describe asepsis.
Absence of pathogenic microbes on living tissue
Describe sterilization.
Process of killing all microorganisms with the use of either physical or chemical agents
Describe antiseptic.
Chemical agent that kills pathogenic microorganisms or inhibits growth. Applied to the body
Describe disinfectant.
Germicidal, kills microorganisms on inanimate objects
What are the two types of antimicrobial agents?
Bacteriostatic + Bacteriocidal
Describe antimicrobial agent.
Drug used to alter activity of microbial agents in the patient
What would be considered a clean operation?
Non-traumatic wounds w/o inflammation or breaks in surgical technique
What would be considered a clean-contaminated operation?
GI/Respiratory tracts entered w/o spillage
Genitourinary/Biliary tract entered w/o infection
Might have minor break in aseptic technique
What would be considered a contaminated operation?
Major break in sterile technique
Gross spillage of GI contents
Fresh traumatic wounds
Biliary or Urinary tract when infection
What would be considered a dirty operation?
Gross infection is present at time of surgery
What are the there reasons for the a decrease resistance in infection?
Geriatric patients
Neoplasia
Immunosuppressive therapy
What are the three factors determining whether an infection will result?
Host innate resistance
Characteristics of bacteria
Interaction between host and bacteria
What are the five alteration in blood supply?
Clamps Ligatures Retractors Hemorrhage Thrombosis
What are the four major conditions at a surgical site that might lead to infection?
Necrosis
Hematomas
Dead space
Decreased blood supply
What is the normal protocol for food removal before the surgery?
12 hours before remove food
Unlimited water
