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Surgery I > Disinfection + Sterilization > Flashcards

Disinfection + Sterilization Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for a hospital acquired infection?

A

Nosocomial

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2
Q

What is a Nosocomial infection?

A

Infection acquired in hospital by the patient, admitted for another reason besides the infection

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3
Q

Why is it important to know about nosocomial infections?

A

Cost hospitals billions a year

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4
Q

What does SSI stand for?

A

Surgical Site Infection

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5
Q

What is a SSI?

A

Infection that occurs after surgery in part of the body where surgery takes place

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6
Q

What are the most common symptoms of an SSI?

A

Redness and pain
Drainage of cloudy fluid
Fever

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7
Q

When should pre-surgical AB’s be started?

A

About 60 minutes before the surgery starts

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8
Q

When should surgical AB’s be stopped?

A

Within 24 hours of surgery ending

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9
Q

What is the normal rate of SSI?

A

~5%

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10
Q

What does antiseptic mean?

A

Prevents/arrest growth of microorganisms

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11
Q

What is antiseptic placed on?

A

Living tissue

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12
Q

What does asepsis mean?

A

Prevention of content with microorganisms

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13
Q

What is an autoclave?

A

Sterilizes instruments or other objects using steam under pressure

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14
Q

What is a disinfectant?

A

Chemical/Physical agent that destroys microorganisms

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15
Q

What don’t disinfectants kill?

A

Spores

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16
Q

What are disinfectants applied to?

A

Inanimate objects

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17
Q

What is a sanitizer?

A

Agent that reduces number of bacterial contaminants to safe levels as judged by public health requirements

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18
Q

What does being sterile indicate?

A

State of being free from all living organisms

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19
Q

What are the three levels of disinfectant?

A

Low + Intermediate + High

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20
Q

What does low level disinfectant?

A

Vegetative bacteria + Fungi + Influenze

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21
Q

What does intermediate level disinfectant kill?

A

Enteroviruses + Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

22
Q

What does high level disinfectant?

A

Bacterial + Fungal Spores

23
Q

What are the two types of sterilization?

A

Physical and Chemical

24
Q

What are the three examples of physical sterilization?

A

Heat + Filtration + Radiation

25
Q

What are the two examples of chemical sterilization?

A

Ethylene oxide + Hydrogen Peroxide

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action for steam sterilization?

A

Destroy microorganisms by irreversible coagulation and denaturation of enzymes and proteins

27
Q

What machine is used for steam sterilization?

A

Autoclave

28
Q

What are the four conditions created by the autoclave?

A

High temp + Pressurized + Steam + Time

29
Q

What is the ideal steam in sterilization?

A

Dry saturated steam + entrained water

30
Q

What is the point of the pressure in the steam sterilization?

A

Allows the machine to reach higher temps

31
Q

What temperature does the autoclave reach? (two temps)

A

121 + 132 Celcius

32
Q

How long does the autoclave run at 121/250 degrees?

A

30 minutes

33
Q

How long does the autoclave run at 132/270 degrees?

A

4 minutes

34
Q

What type of sterlizer does 121 degrees C?

A

Gravity displacement

35
Q

What type of steilizer does 132 degrees C?

A

Prevacuum sterilizer

36
Q

What are the three types of sterilizer monitors?

A

Mechanical + Chemical + Biological

37
Q

What biologic is used to test steam sterilization?

A

Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores

38
Q

When should you not use flash sterilization?

A

Convenience + Just to save time + Implantable devices

39
Q

When should flash sterilization be used?

A

Emergencies

40
Q

How is flash sterilization done?

A

Unwrapped objects at 132 for 3 minutes at 28 lbs of pressure

41
Q

What are the two types of low temp sterilization?

A

Ethylene oxide + Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide

42
Q

When is ethylene oxide used?

A

Sterilizing temperature and moisture sensitive devices

43
Q

How does the ethylene oxide sterilization work?

A

Alkylation of protein, DNA, RNA prevents normal cells from metabolism and replication

44
Q

What are the disadvantages of ETO?

A 
Length of cycle time 
Potential hazards (flammable, toxic, carcinogen)
45
Q

What is the biological indicator for ETO?

A

Bacillus subtilis

46
Q

What are the five cycles of ETO?

A

Humidification + Gas + Exposure + Evacuation + Air

47
Q

How does vaporized H2O2 work?

A

Generation of destructive hydroxyl and hzdroproxyl free radicals that attach to lipids, DNA + other cell components

48
Q

What is the big upside to vaporized H2O2?

A

kills spores

49
Q

What are the advantages to vaporized H2O2?

A

Byproducts non toxic

Short cycle

50
Q

What are the cycles to vaporized H2O2?

A

Dehumidify air
VHP created
Air circulated
Generator breaks down H2O2

51
Q

When is ionizing radiation used?

A

Prepackaged supplies

Surgery I (17 decks)

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