Prep Exam Questions 1 Flashcards
what is the purpose of an analgesic
pain relief
what does the incubation stage of infection refer to
period of initial contact prior to the appearance of signs or symptoms
what should breathing instructions be for a lateral sternum
inspiration
to view the lesser tubercle of the humerus in profile medially, how should the patient be positioned
AP with internal rotation of arm
heparin and coumadin are examples of what type of drug
anticoagulants
which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs
right ventricle
an exposure is made with 400 mA, 82 kVp and AEC system. if the AEC system has a minimum response time of 20 milliseconds and a backup timer setting of 50 milliseconds, what is the largest mAs setting that may be used for the exam
20 mAs
of the following, who is repsonsible for reporting radiographic equipment malfunctions that could lead to safety issues
- department managers
- radiographers
- regiologist
- service engineers
all of the above
how does decreasing the anode angle affect the severity of the anode heel effect
increases the anode heel effect
to evaluate the luminance response of a digital display monitor, one would need to utilize what
photometer
a small fluid-filled sac that helps to reduce friction near a joint is called
bursa
anoxia refers to a cell having what
no oxygen
the gray-scale of a digital image is affected by what
bit depth
a patient scheduled to receive intravenous iodinated contrast is severely overweight. the radiologist’s orders were 40% more than the standard 50 cc dose of contrast. the tech should prepare how much of the contrast agent
70 cc
patient participation in a research study is voluntary and should be accompanied by what
informed consent
what radiographic landmark corresponds to the location of the anterior nasal spine
acanthion
what 2 are types of filtration found in the x-ray imaging system
- added
- target
- inherent
- lead
added and inherent
which condition would be an indication for retrograde urethrography
- bladder cancer
- evaluation of the renal pelvis
- history of kidney stones
- urethral obstruction
urethral obstruction
the first cervical vertebra is commonly known as
atlas
civil law includes which of the following
- dispute
- felony
- misdemeanor
- tort
tort
as the matric size increase, the pixel size
decreases
pathogenic microorganisms that require a living host’s cells to survive and reproduce are called
viruses
which of the following changes increases the severity of the anode heel effect
- decreasing OID
- decreasing SID
- increasing OID
- increasing SID
decreasing SID
it is important that medical physicists perform tests annually on x-ray equipment as it ensures which two of the following
- technologists are using dosimeters properly
- collimation is within parameters
- the right amount of radiation is being produced for each exam
- technologists are up to date on all training
-collimation is within parameters
- the right amount of radiation is being produced for each exam
for a cross-table hip radiograph, where should the CR be directed
perp to the femoral neck
the thickness of material needed to decrease the intensity of an x-ray beam by 50% of its original value is called
half-value layer
the most severe convulsive seizure in which a person may have a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions is called
grand mal seizure
which of the following principles defines the relationship between mA and exposure time
reciprocity law
the main purpose of adding filtration to the x-ray tube is to
decrease patient dose
sterilization using an autoclave involves the use of
pressurized steam
how many pairs of floating ribs are there
2
where should the CR enter for a PA projection of the finger
PIP joint
which of the following imaging studies is commonly used if the results of a radiographic metastatic bone survey are inconclusive
positron emission tomography (PET)
what layer of the CR imaging plate captures and stores x-ray photons transmitted through the patient
phosphor layer
what compound is used in flat-panel image receptors to convert incoming x-ray photons directly into an electrical signal
amorphous selenium (a-Se)
because of the line focus principle, the effective focal spot size decreases with decreasing
target angle
the primary barriers in an x-ray room must have a thickness of what
1/16” (1.6 mm) lead equivalent
“touching a patient without permission or justification” is the legal definition of what
battery
what is the largest known sesamoid bone in the body
patella
what radiation measurement is used to assess how much biological damage is expected from the absorbed dose
equivalent dose
1 joule per kilogram (J/kg) is equal to what
1 Gray
the ileocecal valve is primarily located within which quadrant of the abdomen
RLQ
which of the following technical factor adjustments should be made when positive contrast media agents are used
increased kVp
what is the unit for electric current
ampere
the grieving stage in which patients act as though nothing is wrong with them best describes
denial
when performing an AP axial weight-bearing projection of the feet, what degree and direction of CR angle is used
10-15 degrees toward the heel
current federal standards limit general-purpose intensified fluoroscopic units with max technique factors engaged to a max entrance absorbed dose rate of what
88 mGy per minute
the isotropic nature of the x-ray beam indicates that the photons
travel in all directions
according to NCRP guidelines, a medical x-ray tube must include aluminum equivalent filtration equal to a minimum of what
2.5 mm
which imaging study of the urinary system is a structural study rather than a functional study
- intravenous urography (IVU)
- nephrotomography
- retrograde pyelogram
- voiding cystourethrogram
retrograde pyelogram
what position is the first digiti in when the palm is pronated and resting on the IR
oblique
changing the x-ray tube filtration from 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm would have what effect on x-ray beam quality
increased quality
if the patient’s ASIS measures 17 cm to the tabletop, how much and in which direction should the CR be angled for an AP knee
5 degrees caudad
what type of joint is an interphalangeal (IP) articulation
hinge
what is the CR entrance point for a PA projection of the hand
third MCP joint
which of the following display monitors are particularly effective in brightly lit rooms
liquid crystal display (LCD)
which of the following anatomic structures of the humerus is located just distal to the tubercles
surgical neck
the relationship between kVp and image receptor exposure is described according to what principle
15% rule
the head of the femur articulates with which structure of the pelvis
acetabulum
which portion of the bowel has numerous mucosal folds that give it a feathery appearance on contrast-enhanced studies
jejunum
the articulation of the frontal bone with the nasal bones is known as what
nasion
what does ESE stand for
entrance skin exposure
within digital radiography, bit depth defines what
total number of gray shades that can be produced by the digital system
what palpable anatomical landmark is generally used to determine the CR for an AP projection of the knee
apex of the patella
which of the following would provide fluoroscopic imaging personnel with the BEST radiation protection
- controlling the fluoroscopic system remotely
- decreased distance from the patient
- reducing time spend in the fluoroscopic procedure
- wearing protective shielding
controlling the fluoroscopic system remotely
in the image of a radiographic histogram, what does the y-axis represent
frequency of specific exposure values captured by the IR
the bones of the forearm are crossed when the hand is
pronated
why is the chest imaged in PA rather than AP position
to minimize the magnification of the heart
processing an AP lower leg radiograph as an AP abdomen may result in what
incorrect brightness and contrast
when preparing for a hysterosalpingography study, the patient should be placed in what position
lithotomy position
the AP axial projection of the knee, Beclere method, is used to demonstrate what
intercondylar fossa
what shielding material is most commonly used for personal protective equipment in radiology to protect against scatter radiation
lead
during compton interactions, the incident x-ray photon interacts with what portion of an atom
outer-shell electron
destruction or alteration of medical records, such as a radiology report, by an unauthorized person, is referred to as
spoliation
photons produced outside the actual focal spot are known as
off-focus radiation
what is the greatest source of scatter radiation during fluoroscopic procedures
patient
a correct position to wear a personnel dosimeter during fluoroscopy is
over the lead apron, at the collar level
what does LET stand for
linear energy transfer
values of interest (VOI) are determined during what
histogram analysis
the proper medical term for a partial or total collapse of lung tissue
atelectasis
a patient is brough to the ER with a suspected intertrochanteric fracture. the tech should obtain an AP projection of the affected hip and what additional view
axiolateral hip, Danelius-Miller method
what is the electronic technique chart with preprogrammed technical factors called
anatomically programed technique
an AP axial outlet projection of the pelvis is used to evaluate what
superior and inferior pubic rami
all fluoroscopic machines must have an exposure switch that is of a deadman type. this type of switch is one that stops when
when the pressure on it is released
when performing a lower GI study, the enema tip should be inserted with the patient in what position
sim’s position
how many HVL are required to decrease beam intesnity from 100% to 12.5%
3
