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Boards Review > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

does mAs have an affect on receptor exposure

A

yes, direct

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2
Q

does kVp have an affect on receptor exposure

A

yes, direct

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3
Q

does FSS have an affect on receptor exposure

A

no

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4
Q

does SID have an affect on receptor expsoure

A

yes, indirect

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5
Q

does OID have an affect on receptor exposure

A

yes, indirect (increase OID, decreases receptor exposure)

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6
Q

does CR angle have an affect on receptor expsoure

A

yes, indirect (increase angle, decreases receptor exposure)

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7
Q

does grid use have an affect on receptor exposure

A

yes, indirect (add grid, decrease receptor exposure)

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8
Q

does collimation have an affect on receptor expsoure

A

yes, indirect

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9
Q

does tube filtration have an affect on receptor exposure

A

yes, indirect

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10
Q

does patient thickness have an affect on receptor exposure

A

yes, indirect

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11
Q

does patient motion have an affect on receptor exposure

A

no

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12
Q

does mAs have an affect on contrast

A

no

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13
Q

does kVp have an affect on contrast

A

yes, indirect

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14
Q

does FSS have an affect on contrast

A

no

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15
Q

does SID have an affect on contrast

A

no

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16
Q

does OID have an affect on contrast

A

yes, direct (increase OID, increase contrast)

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17
Q

does CR angle have an affect on contrast

A

no

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18
Q

does grid use have an affect on contrast

A

yes, direct

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19
Q

does collimation have an affect on contrast

A

yes, direct

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20
Q

does tube filtration have an affect on contrast

A

yes, indirect

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21
Q

does patient thickness have an affect on contrast

A

yes, indirect

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22
Q

does mAs have an affect on spatial resolution

A

no

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23
Q

does kVp have an affect on spatial resolution

A

no

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24
Q

does FSS have an affect on spatial resolution

A

yes, indirect

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25
Q

does SID have an affect on spatial resolution

A

yes, direct

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26
Q

does OID have an affect on spatial resolution

A

yes, indirect (increase OID, decreases spatial resolution)

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27
Q

does CR angle have an affect on spatial resolution

A

yes, indirect (increase angle, decreases spatial resolution)

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28
Q

does grid use have an affect on spatial resolution

A

no

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29
Q

does collimation have an affect on spatial resolution

A

no

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30
Q

does tube filtration have an affect on spatial resolution

A

no

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31
Q

does patient thickness have an affect on spatial resolution

A

yes, indirect

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32
Q

does patient motion have an affect on spatial resolution

A

yes, indirect

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33
Q

what factors affect receptor expsoure

A

-mAs
- kVp
- SID
- OID
- CR angle
- grid use
- collimation
- tube filtration
- patient thickness

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34
Q

what factors affect contrast

A
  • kVp
  • OID
  • grid use
  • collimation
  • tube filtration
  • patient thickness
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35
Q

what factors affect spatial resolution

A
  • FSS
  • SID
  • OID
  • CR angle
  • patient thickness
  • patient motion
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36
Q

what is the grid ratio equation

A

height/width of interspace

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37
Q

equation for maintenance/direct law

A

mAs1/mAs2 = (d1/d2)^2

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38
Q

equation for inverse square law

A

I1/I2 = (d2/d1)^2d

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39
Q

the primary portion of the step up transformer is in what circuit

A

primary/low-voltage circuit

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40
Q

the secondary portion of the step up transformer is in what circuit

A

secondary/high-voltage circuit

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41
Q

the autotransformer is in what circuit

A

primary/low-voltage circuit

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42
Q

the step down transformer is in what circuit

A

filament circuit

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43
Q

the rheostat is located in what circuit

A

filament circuit

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44
Q

the x-ray tube is located in what circuit

A

secondary/high-voltage circuit

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45
Q

the filaments are located in what circuit

A

filament circuit

46
Q

the milliampere meter is located in what circuit

A

secondary/high-voltage circuit

47
Q

the rectifier bank is located in what circuit

A

secondary/high-voltage circuit

48
Q

the timer circuit is located in what circuit

A

primary/low-voltage circuit

49
Q

variable resistor

A

rheostat

50
Q

who invented x-ray

A

Wilhelm Roentgen

51
Q

when was x-ray invented

A

November 8, 1895

52
Q

first casualty to radiation

A

clarence dally

53
Q

speed of light

A

3x10^8 m/s ; 186,000 miles/sec

54
Q

unit of absorbed dose

A

gray (Gy)

55
Q

used to measure occupational dose; dose equivalent

A

sievert (Sv)

56
Q

output of the radiographic unit’s radiation measurement in air

A

coulomb/kg

57
Q

measures radioactive marerial

A

becqueral (Bq)

58
Q

largest natural source of radiation

A

radon

59
Q

what is the relationship between energy and frequency

A

direct

60
Q

what is the relationship between energy and wavelength

A

inverse

61
Q

what is the relationship between frequency and wavelength

A

inverse

62
Q

loss of energy as it goes through matter

A

attenuation

63
Q

blurring of the edges

A

punumbra

64
Q

how much leakage is the housing allowed

A

1 mGy/hr at 1 meter

65
Q

what are the filaments made of

A

thoriated tungsten

66
Q

melting point of tungsten

A

3410 degrees C; 6152 degrees F

67
Q

boiling off of electrons

A

thermionic emission

68
Q

can’t boil off/produce anymore electrons

A

saturation current

69
Q

what is the focusing cup made up of

A

nickel - negatively charged

70
Q

what is the housing of the x-ray tube made of

A

lead

71
Q

what is the target of the anode made of

A

tungsten with rhenium

72
Q

atomic number of tungsten

A

74

73
Q

what are the neck and base of the anode made of

A

molybdenum

74
Q

how does the anode rotate by

A

induction motor

75
Q

as you decrease the angle of the anode what happens to the anode heel affect

A

increases

76
Q

correction factor of single phase generator

A

1.0

77
Q

correction factor of three-phase 6 pulse generator

A

1.35

78
Q

correction factor of three-phase 12 pulse generator

A

1.41

79
Q

correction factor of high frequency generator

A

1.45

80
Q

what letter represents atomic mass number

A

A

81
Q

what letter represents atomic number

A

Z

82
Q

what is the last shell called

A

valence shell

83
Q

electron binding energy of the k shell of tungsten

A

69.5 keV

84
Q

electron from filament stream knocks out the k-shell electron causing a cascade

A

characteristic radiation

85
Q

filament electron gets attracted to the nucleus and breaks/slows and changes direction

A

brehms

86
Q

the reason we filter is due to what

A

brehms

87
Q

happens under 69.5 kVp

A

brehms

88
Q

max electrons the last shell can have

A

8

89
Q

formula to find number of electrons in a shell

A

2n^2

90
Q

what is frequency measured in

A

hertz

91
Q

what is wavelength measured in

A

meters

92
Q

what is planks constant

A

4.135x10^-15 eV sec; 6.626x10^-34 J sec

93
Q

height of wave

A

amplitude

94
Q

how many pulses is 60 cycles

A

120

95
Q

what does 1 hz equal

A

1 cycle per second

96
Q

formula for velocity

A

v=f x wavelength

97
Q

x-rays are considered what two things

A

non-threshold and linear

98
Q

what is alpha particle made of

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

99
Q

what are beta particles

A

electron ejected from the nucleus

100
Q

if the beta that is emitted has a positive charge is is called what

A

positron

101
Q

what does 1 coulomb equal

A

6.25x10^18 electrons

102
Q

ohms law

A

V=IR

103
Q

what is resistance measure in

A

ohms

104
Q

what is current measured in

A

amps

105
Q

what is electric potential measured in

A

volts

106
Q

what type of current is in the vacuum tube

A

direct current

107
Q

how do you find resistance in a series circuit

A

add them all up

108
Q

how do you find resistance in a parallel circuit

A

1/RT=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3 (lowest is almost half of total)

109
Q

turns AC into DC

A

rectifier

110
Q

device that changes voltage and current

A

transformer

111
Q

conductor fashioned into a coil

A

solenoid

112
Q

when you add an iron core into the solenoid it creates what

A

electromagnet

Boards Review (3 decks)

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