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OB > Prenatal Nutrition > Flashcards

Prenatal Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

why is nutrition important prior to conception (4)

A

-adequate nutrients for developing fetus
-1st tri is critical for development
-folic acid intake can prevent NTD
-desirable body weight can reduce fetal and mother risks

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2
Q

what are the categories of nutrient needs during pregnancy

A

-energy
-fats
-protein
-CHO
-micronutrients (vitamins and minerals)
-water

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3
Q

what is recommended weight gain during pregnancy based on (2)

A

-prepregnancy BMI
-trimester of pregnancy

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4
Q

what BMI is considered underweight

A

<18.5

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5
Q

what BMI is considered normal weight

A

18.5-24.9

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6
Q

what BMI is considered overweight

A

25.0-29.9

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7
Q

what BMI is considered obese

A

> 30

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8
Q

recommended weight gain for all 1st tri moms

A

2-4 lbs

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9
Q

recommended weight gain for underweight BMI for 2nd + 3rd tris

A

0.45 kg/wk (1 lb/wk)

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10
Q

recommended weight gain for normal BMI for 2nd + 3rd tris

A

0.45 kg/wk (1 lb/wk)

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11
Q

recommended weight gain for overweight BMI for 2nd + 3rd tris

A

0.3 kg/wk (0.6 lb/wk)

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12
Q

recommended weight gain for obese BMI for 2nd + 3rd tris

A

0.2 kg/wk (0.5 lb/wk)

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13
Q

what could result from inadequate energy/weight intake during pregnancy (3)

A

-increased risk preterm birth
-increased risk of small for gestational age baby
-ketonemia may be associated with preterm labor

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14
Q

possible consequences for fetus from obese mom (5)

A

-increased risk miscarriage
-increased risk birth defects
-increased risk stillbirth
-increased risk abnormal fetal growth
-increased risk preterm birth

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15
Q

how many mg folic acid should woman of childbearing age consume daily

A

0.4 mg

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16
Q

possible consequences for mom during obese pregnancy (7)

A

INCREASED RISK:
-gestational diabetes
-HTN disorders
-vacuum and forceps during birth
-C-section birth
-surgical site infection
-VTE
-depression

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17
Q

possible consequences of excessive weight gain during pregnancy (4)

A

-increased risk gestational diabetes
-increased risk HTN disorders
-increased risk L&D complications
-can be difficult to lose the weight after birth

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18
Q

how many calories should pregnant woman consume during 1st tri

A

1800 (same as pre pregnancy)

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19
Q

how many calories should pregnant woman consume during 2nd tri

A

2200

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20
Q

how many calories should pregnant woman consume during 3rd tri

A

2400

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21
Q

how many calories should be added to consumption during pregnancy based on basal needs + activity

A

300

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22
Q

how many servings of grain per day

A

6-8

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23
Q

how many servings of veggies per day

A

2.5-3 cups

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24
Q

how many servings of fruits per day

A

2 cups

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25
Q

how many servings of dairy per day

A

3 cups

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26
Q

how many servings of protein per day

A

5.5-6 oz

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27
Q

how do you calculate BMI

A

weight/height^2 x 703
{ (lbs/ in^2) x 703 }

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28
Q

how many servings oils/fats per day

A

6 tsp

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29
Q

are protein supplements recommended during pregnancy

A

NO

30
Q

recommended protein intake for 1st tri pregnant woman or not pregnant

A

46 g/day

31
Q

recommended protein intake for 2nd + 3rd tri pregnant woman

A

71 g/day
(can equal 3 servings dairy and 2 servings meat)
(teen = 4 servings dairy)

32
Q

how many carbs should pregnant woman eat daily

A

175 g/day
(no more than 45-64% of total calories)

33
Q

how many g fiber should pregnant woman eat daily

A

28 g

34
Q

good sources of carbohydrates (3)

A

-fruits
-whole grains
-veggies

35
Q

how much water/fluid should pregnant woman eat daily

A

8-10 servings daily (8 oz each)

36
Q

what counts to fluid intake

A

-water and beverages made with water
-milk
-juices
-all foods especially veggies + fruits

37
Q

what % of daily calories should fats make up

A

no more than 20-35%

38
Q

what fats do pregnant women need to avoid

A

trans fatty acids

39
Q

benefits of additional omega 3 (+300 mg/day)

A

-decreased risk preterm birth
-improved neurological and visual development

40
Q

recommended intake of seafood for pregnant women during a week

A

8-12 oz (2-3 servings) per week
*low mercury seafood

41
Q

fish to avoid during pregnancy (high mercury levels)

A

-king mackerel
-marlin
-orange roughy
-shark
-swordfish
-tilefish (gulf of mexico)
-tuna, bigeye

42
Q

fat soluble vitamins (4)

A

A, D, E, K
*risk for toxicity

43
Q

water soluble vitamins (4)

A

-folate
-B6
-B12
-C

44
Q

how much folic acid should pregnant woman consume daily

A

0.6 mg

45
Q

how much folic acid should lactating woman consume daily

A

0.5 mg

46
Q

minerals needed during pregnancy

A

-iron (30 mg)
-calcium (1000 mg, if teen 1300 mg)
-magnesium
-sodium (max 1 tsp)
-potassium
-zinc

47
Q

can pregnant women drink alcohol

A

no!

48
Q

how much caffeine can pregnant woman drink

A

<200 mg/day (12 oz)

49
Q

what foods are good sources of micronutrients

A

green leafy veggies
orange veggies

50
Q

what women are at risk for B6/B12 deficiencies

A

vegan/vegetarian

51
Q

consumption of non-edible substances (clay), low nutritional foods, or ice

A

pica

52
Q

what physical condition is associated with pica

A

anemia
(african american and hispanic women)

53
Q

what is a good source of calcium for vegetarian

A

-beans
-greens
-baked products (cornbread, muffin, toast)
-fruits (figs, orange juice)
-sauces (creamy pesto, cheese)

54
Q

What nutrient, when consumed with iron, increases the body’s absorption of iron and what is
a good source of this nutrient

A

-vitamin C
-orange juice

55
Q

dietary modifications for teen pregnancies

A

-add 1 cup dairy
-make sure calcium and iron are adequate
-use high end of range for BMI for weight gain goals

56
Q

can women consume bone meal supplements for calcium consumption

A

no! frequently contaminated with lead

57
Q

high consumption of folate and iron can result in what mineral being decreased

A

zinc

58
Q

most common vitamin deficiencies after bariatric surgery

A

-folate
-B12
-iron
-calcium
-D

59
Q

factors to consider when planning diet for physically active woman

A

-dehydration
-calorie intake
-heart rate

60
Q

how to prevent listeriosis

A

-good hygiene
-separate raw meats, seafood, eggs and juices
-cook meats, seafood, eggs
-use meat thermometer
-good refrigeration

61
Q

assessment tools for pregnant woman nutrition

A

-24 hour diet recall
-psychosocial economic assessment
-physical exam (includes oral exam and lab tests)

62
Q

when should you screen for pica

A

-at 1st prenatal visit
-recur at beginning of each trimester
-recur if anemic

63
Q

signs of malnutrition

A

-glossitis
-cracked lips
-brittle hair

64
Q

risk factors malnutrition during pregnancy

A

-overweight/underweight at conception
-inadequate/excessive weight gain during pregnancy
-socioeconomic status
-anemia
-previous OB complications
-high parity (5+)
-short term pregnancy intervals (2 within 2 years)
-present medical/OB complications
-substance abuse
-eating disorders
-multiple gestation
-psychosocial complications
-Hx of poor diet, inappropriate food consumption, barriers to change
-busy professional woman
-adolescence

65
Q

programs for women with limited financial resources

A

SNAP
WIC

66
Q

nutrition related discomforts of pregnancy

A

-N/V
-heartburn
-constipation

67
Q

appropriate weight loss goals for postpartum

A

-nonlactating women: 0.5-0.9 kg/wk (1-2 lbs/wk)
-lactating women: 1 kg/month (2.2 lbs/month)

68
Q

recommended calorie intake for 1st 6 months PP for lactating women

A

1800 + 330-500 (2130-2300)
varies on mom

69
Q

management interventions for N/V during pregnancy

A

-eat dry starchy foods when nauseous
-avoid excessive fluid intake early in day or when nauseous
-eat small amounts food frequently
-avoid skipping meals
-avoid sudden movements (get out of bed slowly)
-decrease intake fried/fatty foods
-breathe fresh air
-eat foods at cold temps, little aroma, non-spicy
-avoid brushing teeth immediately after eating
-try salty and tart foods when nauseous
-try herbal teas
-try ginger
-motion sickness wristbands
-vit B6 may be recommended

70
Q

substances for lactating women to avoid (3)

A

-excessive caffeine
-alcohol
-smoking

OB (21 decks)

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