Prenatal Diagnosis, Fetal Therapy And Ultrasound

Question 1

An intrinsic abnormality programmed in development, spina bifida and omaphalocele

Answer 1

Malformation

Question 2

When a genetically normal fetus develops abnormally because of mechanical features

Answer 2

Deformation

Question 3

Occurs when genetically normal tissue is modified as the result of a specific result

Answer 3

Disruption

Question 4

A cluster of several anomalies or defects that have the same cause

Answer 4

Syndrome

Question 5

These defects has ancephaly, spina bifida, cephalocele and rare spinal cases

Answer 5

Open neural tube defect

Question 6

What are examples of anti folate antibodies

Answer 6

Anti convulsants

Question 7

Amount of folic acid must be taken before first trimester

Answer 7

4mg

Question 8

Sources of AFP

Answer 8

fetal yolk sac

Fetal git and liver

Question 9

When does the concentration fetal serum and amniotic fluid increase

Answer 9

13th week

Question 10

When is maternal serum afp offered

Answer 10

Second trimester

15-20 weeks

<2-2.5 normal

Question 11

What are the factors that influence Maternal serum levels

Answer 11

Maternal weight
Gestational age
Race
Diabetes 
Multifetal gestation

Question 12

Low levels of AFP ee

Answer 12

Obesity
DM
Trisonomy 21 and 18
Gestational trorphoblastic diese
Overestimated gestational age

Question 13

What are the 5 specific cranial anomalies

Answer 13

Frontal bone scalloping, lemon sign
Small biparietal diameter
Ventriculomegaly
Obliteration or the cistern magna
Elongated cerebellum, banana sign

Question 14

1st trimester down syndrome screening

Answer 14

Maternal serum testing
Nuchal translucency
Combination

Question 15

Nuchal measurement considered normal

Answer 15

3.5mm

Question 16

Second trimester screning

Answer 16

Triple test

AFP
HcG
Unconjugated estriol

Quad
Triple
Dimeric inhibin alpha

Question 17

Sonographic markers of down syndrome

Answer 17

Nuchal skin fold
Renal pelvis dilation
Echogenic intracardiac
Echogenic bowel

Question 18

How many ml of amniotic fluid do you usually get

Answer 18

20ml

Question 19

Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling is also known as

Answer 19

Cordocentesis

Question 20

Clinical application of ultrasound

Answer 20

Accurate pregnancy dating

Detection of fetal anomalies

Question 21

When is the optimal time to determine chorionicity

Evaluate uterus, adnexal structures and cul de sac

Answer 21

1st trimester

Question 22

at what week you can do transabdominal scanning of gestational sac

Answer 22

6th week

Question 23

Components or standard ultrasound during 1st trimester

Answer 23

Embryo

Crown rump length

Cardiac activity

Fetal number

Question 24

When is fetal biometry done

Answer 24

2nd and 3rd trimester

Question 25

If the head shape is flattened what does is signify

Answer 25

Dolichocephaly

Question 26

Most affected by fetal growth

Answer 26

Abdominal circumference

Question 27

Normal value of amniotic fluid index

Answer 27

5 to 24 cm

Question 28

Used to determine the volume and rate of blood flow through maternal and fetal vessels

Answer 28

Doppler velocimetry

Question 29

Diminished blood flow may be reflectd such as the following

Answer 29

Diastolic notch Increased sd ratio Pulsatiliry index Absence or reverse blood flow

Question 30

When MCA is increased, what does the px have

Answer 30

fetal anemia