Prenatal and Early Childhood Development Flashcards
Roughly 40 weeks long, NOT NINE MONTHS. In this time, a fertilized egg goes from the size of a pencil point to a 7lb 9oz, 20” long baby.
Critical period of development when certain influences can have a major development on the fetus.
Human Gestation
Cells start to divide.
Conception (Zygote: 0-2 weeks.)
CRITICAL part of development. During this phase, the cells start to divide and differentiate. Any cell can become a neuron and any cell can become a liver cell. During this time the cells find a home. These are called stem cells. Major internal organs develop. Most dangerous time in pregnancy.
First Trimester (Conception-13 weeks)
For every ___ female zygotes, there are between ___ male zygotes and there are ___ males born for every ___ females. Why?
100; 120-150; 106; 100
Males are more prone to genetic diseases; societal values
After conception, the cells begin to divide to form an ___. Cells begin to specialize. At ___ weeks, the ___ is about the size of a blueberry.
The ___ is starting to get feet and hands, but they are webbed and look more like paddles; Tail; At ___ weeks, the fingers have differentiated and the baby has begun reflex behaviors such as grasping, swallowing, and sucking.
Embryo (2 weeks-12 weeks); At 7 weeks; embryo; 11-12 weeks
Physical development for the ___. The major organ systems (heart, lungs, eyes, etc.) undergo all or a major part of their development between the ___ week of development. Environmental influences are the most critical in this period because ___ are most likely to cause major structural abnormalities. After the ___ week, there will be some defects and minor structural abnormalities.
Physical development for the 1st trimester; 3rd and 8th; teratogens; 16th week
Physical development for the ___. In the ___ stage, the baby starts to look more like a baby. At ___ weeks, the baby is developing reflexes such as ___. He or she may start to ___.
Fetus (12 weeks-onward); In the fetal stage; 12 weeks; fingers and toes curling; suck his or her thumb.
Physical development for the ___. Baby starts to grow bigger and look more like a human. Baby moves around and develops senses of ___.
At ___ weeks, baby is about the size of a large heirloom tomato, can ___, ___, ___, and ___. The beginning of intestinal function (baby can pee). Bones develop. External sex organs become visible. Movements are large enough that mom can feel them. Baby’s fingerprints and footprints develop. At week ___, baby is viable ONLY if there is intensive, intensive care.
Baby pictured at right was born at 22 weeks and holds record for shortest gestation.
Second Trimester (13-27 weeks); sight, touch, hearing, smell, and taste; 19 weeks; hear other people’s voices, swallow, taste, and has hair; week 23
Physical development for the ___. Baby is done with a lot of big development, but is fine tuning. By the ___ week, babies’ ___ has developed enough to ___. At ___ weeks, babies begin to practice breathing. They breathe in ___, which is what babies cough up when they’re born. At ___ weeks, babies are considered full-term and their organs can function on their own. In the ___ month, babies will know when sounds are the same and when sounds are different.
Third Trimester (28 weeks-birth); 31st week; CNS; regulate body temperature; 32 weeks; amniotic fluid; 37 weeks; 9th month
Poor growth while the baby is in the womb and after birth; Decreased muscle tone and poor coordination; Delayed development and significant functional problems in three or more major areas: __, __, __, or __ (as expected for the babies’ age).
Symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; thinking, speech, movement, or social skills.
___ do not sleep well. Sleep in ___ hour segments, ___ hours per day.
Must eat every ___ hours. ___ diapers per day.
Newborns; 2-4 hour segments; 16-17 hours per day; every 3 hours; 8-12 diapers.
Infant reflexes
Stepping, sucking, swimming, tonic fencer
Neonates’ temperament types
Easy-good natured and adaptable, a “go with the flow” kind of baby
Difficult-moody and intense, they have a strong negative reaction to new people and situations.
Slow to warm up-relatively inactive and slow to respond to new things, when they do come around. They don’t care that much. Ben.
New!-shy-timid and inhibited-fearful of anything new or strange. Maria.
Temperament is remarkably stable. If you were a difficult baby, you were probably an ornery child and an ornery adult.
Babies love the color ___. At birth-babies can only focus on things ___ away. Can see color, but aren’t good at distinguishing differences in close colors.
Red; 8-15” away.
Around ___ months baby starts to have depth perception.
4 months
