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LifeSpan Development > Prenatal > Flashcards

Prenatal Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cephalocaudal?

A

Growth from head (cephalo) to tail (caudal).

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2
Q

What is Proximodistal?

A

From middle to outside.

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3
Q

What is Mass to specific sequence?

A

Large structures appear before finer details (e.g. arms before fingers)

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4
Q

What are the periods of the 1st Trimester?

A

Zygote, Embryo and Fetus

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5
Q

For how long does the Zygotic period last?

A

week 1 to 2

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6
Q

For how long does the Embryo period last?

A

week 3 to 8

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7
Q

For how long does the Fetus period last?

A

week 9 to 38

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8
Q

What is the Germinal stage?

A

The Germinal stage is within the first two weeks from fertilization until the blastocyst attaches itself to the uterine wall.

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9
Q

What is the blastocyst?

A

The next stage of development after the zygote. The zygote already over a hundred cells at this stage. It attaches itself to the uterine wall.

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10
Q

What is the Embryonic Stage?

A

The Embryonic stage or the Stage of the Embryo stems from week until week 8. Development is fast. The ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm are already there.

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11
Q

What happens around the 19th day of pregnancy?

A

You can see that neural groove has been formed.

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12
Q

What happens around the 3rd week of pregnancy (21-23rd day)?

A

The neural tube has been formed.

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13
Q

Can you identify the upper part of the brain at the 3rd week pregnancy? The lower part? (Picture in PSYC 333)

A

The upper part is the rostral part where there neural groove appeared initially which will result in the central nervous system and the caudal part is the neural tube which will will result in the periphery system

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14
Q

What happens around the 29th day of pregnancy (end of 1st month of pregnancy)?

A

The genital organs are forming and there is serious brain development.

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15
Q

What happens throughout the first month up until the 2nd month of pregnancy?

A

There brain region differentiation (Forebrain = 4 lobes, Midbrain = relaying information, Hindbrain= regulating organs and bodily functions). There is also the first heartbeat and the embryo already has arms buds.

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16
Q

What is the Fetal Stage?

A

The Fetal stage of the Stage of Fetus lasts from week 9 until Birth, the amniotic sac forms around the fetus, there is formation of Lanugo which covers the fetus from head to toe (fuzzy white hair) that helps the Vernix to stick and the Vernix which is a cheese-like substance protecting the skin (keep it smooth and hydrated).

17
Q

What happens throughout the 3rd-4th month of pregnancy?

A

Head growth slows
Hair develops
Cartilage to be replaced by bone

18
Q

What happens throughout the 5 and 7th month of pregnancy?

A

Movement felt by mom
Lanugo and vernix
Fetal position

19
Q

What happens throughout the 8 and 9th month of pregnancy?

A

Significant weight gain

Fetus rotates, head pointed down

20
Q

What are teratogens?

A

agent causing damage during prenatal period.

21
Q

Can you give examples of teratogens?

A

Drugs, medication, alcohol, tobacco, maternal distress, maternal infectious diseases, genetic disorders

22
Q

What can results from teratogens?

A

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome from anything related to drugs, medications, alcohol and tobacco.
Genetics disorders are Down syndrome, Patau syndrome, Edward’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome and Kleinfelter syndrome

23
Q

What characteristics is exhibited in an infant suffering from Patau syndrome?

A

Cataracts, cleft-lip palet, problems with heart and kidneys - high rates of mortality
Very short life expectancy - around 10 years of life

24
Q

What characteristics is exhibited in an infant suffering from Edward syndrome?

A

Problems with liver, kidney, heart, severe mental capacities rare that they live after 1 y/o.
Also known trisomy 18

25
Q

What characteristics is exhibited in an infant suffering from Kleinfelter syndrome?

A

the syndrome is often undiagnosed, acne intense in adolescence, difference in height w/same age peers until roughly adulthood, much taller
affects boys

26
Q

What prenatal tests can be used to detect teratogens or simply looking at the development of the fetus? (UACA)

A

Ultrasound
Alpha-fetoprotein test
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Amniocentesis

27
Q

How can we use ultrasound in pregnancy?

A

can do various tests during pregnancy - check heartbeat, confirm pregnancy, dermining due date, twins - is there something abnormal?

28
Q

How can we use alpha-fetoprotein test in pregnancy?

A

Blood test from the mother, to assess the disability that may be present - certain levels of AFT can indicate developmental problems

spina bifida
Can check for chromosomes disorders

29
Q

How can we use Chorionic villus sampling in pregnancy?

A

10th to 12th week of pregnancy - first trimester
Sample the placental tissue
Advant. can look at disorders earlier on
Mostly associated with detection of down syndrome but can actually detect around 200 disorders

High risk of miscarriage

30
Q

How can we use Amniocentesis in pregnancy?

A

15th week and further - 2nd trimester
sampling a small amount of amniotic fluid - feotal tissue for dna to look at disorders

Disadvantages: slight risks of miscarriages, risk of feotal injury

31
Q

What are the symptoms felt by the expectant mother during the first trimester?

A

Headaches, fatigue, morning sickness etc.

Miscarriages more prevalent at this time

32
Q

What are the symptoms felt by the expectant mother during the second trimester?

A
  • Feeling better physically
  • Maternity clothes
  • First baby’s movement
  • Feelings of attachment
33
Q

What are the symptoms felt by the expectant mother during the third trimester?

A
  • Physical and Emotional Symptoms
  • Leg cramps, backaches, insomnia
  • Unpleasant irregular uterine contractions
  • Anxious anticipation
34
Q

What are the stages of childbirth?

A
  1. Dilation and effacement of cervix
  2. Delivery of baby
  3. Expulsion of placenta
35
Q

What threats can happen during childbirth?

A

Cervix not fully dilated
Breech position: when a baby is turned so that the buttocks or feet would be delivered first
Anoxia: inadequate oxygen supply during labor and delivery

36
Q

What kind of medical interventions can be used to save mother and child during difficult childbirth?

A

Episiotomy
Epidural
Cesarean (C-)section
Isolette at NICU

37
Q

What’s the APGAR scoring system? When do you use it?

A

It is use to test the newborn on various points such as activity (muscle tone), pulse, grimace, appearance and respiration to make sure the baby is healthy. A score above 7 = healthy, a score under 7= must be resuscitated.
You first use it one minute after birth then 5 minute after birth

LifeSpan Development (4 decks)

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