Genetics X Environment

Question 1

What is a phenotype?

Answer 1

Organism’s observable characteristics

Question 2

What is a genotype?

Answer 2

Organism’s genetic information inherited from parents’ genes. It influences phenotype

Question 3

What are alleles?

Answer 3

A different form of the gene at the same on the chromosome, one inherited by the mother and one form the father.

Question 4

How is development expressed?

Answer 4

It is polygenetic with the environment.

Question 5

What is the difference between a homozygous gene expression and a heterozygous gene expression?

Answer 5

The difference between a homozygous gene expression and a heterozygous gene expression is that a heterozygous gene expression is immediately an expression of dominant phenotype whereas a homozygous gene expression is either two dominant alleles phenotypes or two recessive alleles phenotypes.

Question 6

What are the different genetic codes in broad terms? (AXX)

Answer 6

Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
X-linked Recessive Inheritance
X-linked Dominant Inheritance

Question 7

What is Autosomal Recessive Inheritance?

Answer 7

It’s an expression anywhere on the 22st pairs of chromosome and it’s a recessive expression of phenotypes.

Question 8

What is X-linked Recessive Inheritance?

Answer 8

Carry the gene of the X chromosome, boys and girls can be affected

Question 9

What is X-linked Dominant Inheritance?

Answer 9

Also carry the gene of the X chromosome, if girl then you automatically have it but boys can be spared.

Question 10

Can you give an example of Autosomal Recessive Inheritance?

Answer 10

Autington’s disease

Question 11

Can you give an example of X-linked Recessive Inheritance?

Answer 11

Hemophilia

Question 12

Can you give an example of X-linked Dominant Inheritance?

Answer 12

Martin Bell syndrome/Fragile X.

Question 13

What is Incomplete dominance?

Answer 13

It is a pattern of inheritance in which 2 alleles are expressed in the phenotype, resulting in a combined trait or one that is intermediate between 2 alleles.

Question 14

What is the syndrome that happens on the 21st pair of chromosome?

Answer 14

Down syndrome.

Question 15

What is the syndrome that happens when there is a missing x 23rd pair of chromosome?

Answer 15

Turner syndrome

Question 16

What is the trisomy that happens of the 23rd pair of chromosome?

Answer 16

Triple X syndrome

Question 17

What happens to a person who carries inherited tendencies (e.g. alcoholism) according to the Diathesis-Stress model?

Answer 17

The person carries the inherited tendency to alcoholism is more likely to exhibit the tendency under stress as opposed of someone who doesn’t carry it. (i.e. their glass is more rapidly “full”).

Question 18

How can genes and environments correlate?

Answer 18

There is an association between the individual’s genetic propensities and environmental niche the individual selects.
i.e. your genetic propensity triggers environmental choices.

Question 19

What is Epigenetics programming?

Answer 19

Changes in organism linked to modification of gene expression

Question 20

Can you give an example of epigenetics programming?

Answer 20

Mice - mother with high stress vs. mother with low stress - when you associate the offsprings of mother with high stress to the mother with low stress, the offsprings don’t exhibit anxious tendencies