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NUR 201-Exam 1 > Prematurity > Flashcards

Prematurity Flashcards

1
Q

What does LPI stand for?

A

Late Premature Infant (36wks)

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2
Q

A newborn is born before 28wks gestation it is considered?

A

Extreme prematurity

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3
Q

Lack of prenatal care, medical equipment and little education are all what?

A

Contributing factors to prematurity

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4
Q

Diagnosis of a premature baby is done so by assessing the physical and gestational age of the newborn, what are the physical characteristics dependent on?

A

Gestational age

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5
Q

What is the overall problem of a premature newborn?

A

Immature organ systems

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6
Q

What is the major problem w/ preterm newborn?

A

Thermoregulation (hypothermia)

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7
Q

If there is not enough glycogen produced in the liver and brown fat, what kind of problem is this?

A

Thermoregulation (limits heat production)

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8
Q

How will a preterm newborns posture be?

A

Hyperflexed

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9
Q

What kind of problem is it when a preterm newborn has a poor gag reflex (can aspirate) and doesn’t meet high calorie needs bc of small stomach?

A

Gastrointestinal

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10
Q

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, fluid retention, dehydration or over hydration are all what kind of problems?

A

Renal

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11
Q

A baby is more @ risk for infection bc of a decrease in passive immunity of what maternal antibodies? And what kind of problem is this?

A

IgA and IgG, immunological

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12
Q

A sunken in fontanel can mean what?

A

Dehydration

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13
Q

What is the “soft spot” on top of the baby’s head called?

A

Fontanel

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14
Q

A protruded fontanel can mean what?

A

Increase in endocrine pressure

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15
Q

The characteristics of the color of a premature newborn are?

A

Cyanosis, jaundice, pallor

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16
Q

The characteristics of the skin of a premature newborn are?

A

Red, translucent, thin, wrinkles, few/no creases on feet

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17
Q

The characteristics of the lanugo of a premature newborn are?

A

Fine thin soft hair

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18
Q

The characteristics of the head size of a premature newborn are?

A

Very large in relation to the body

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19
Q

The characteristics of the skull bones of a premature newborn are?

A

Pliable (easily bent)

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20
Q

The characteristics of the ears of a premature newborn are?

A

Pliable, minimum cartilage

21
Q

The characteristics of the male genitals of a premature newborn are?

A

Small, testes may not be descended and scrotum smooth/nonrugated

22
Q

The characteristics of the female genitals of a premature newborn are?

A

Clit/labia minora are prominent, swollen

23
Q

The characteristics of the resting position of a premature newborn are?

A

Flaccid, frog-like

24
Q

The characteristics of the cry of a premature newborn are?

A

Weak

25
Q

The characteristics of the reflexes of a premature newborn are?

A

Weak/absent suck, swallow, gag reflex

26
Q

The characteristics of the activity of a premature newborn are?

A

Jerky motions, hypotonic

27
Q

A decrease in what and inadequate lung development causes respiratory problems in the preterm newborn?

A

Surfactant

28
Q

What two phospholipids prevent the alveoli from completely collapsing when theres a decrease in surfactant?

A

Lecithin and sphingomyelin

29
Q

When does fetal breathing begin?

A

11wks

30
Q

A baby is supposed to have a Lecithin and Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio of what when born and if don’t have respiratory distress?

A

2:1

31
Q

Tachypnea(>160beats/min), retractions, expiratory grunting, nasal flaring, apneic episodes, fine crackles on auscultation, cyanosis, BPD causing lungs to become stiff and noncompliant are all signs of what?

A

Respiratory Distress syndrome

32
Q

What is from prolong exposure to positive pressure ventilation and can cause a barreled chest?

A

Broncho Pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

33
Q

Which immunoglobin can cross the placenta and the newborn gets from mom?

A

IgG

34
Q

Which immunoglobin cannot cross the placenta, is found in breastmilk and protects against bacterias like E.Coli and Shingella?

A

IgA

35
Q

Whats the most common neurological alteration where bleeding occurs in/around ventricles of the brain?

A

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)

36
Q

What neurological alteration is when bleeding occurs in/around the cranial (outside) of brain?

A

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)

37
Q

What neurological alteration is when retinal blood vessels in eyes has abnormal growth/complications?

A

Retinopathy

38
Q

What neurological alteration is when there’s inflammation of the GI mucosa due to ischemia resulting in necrosis and perforation of bowel or maybe short gut syndrome?

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

39
Q

What assessment tool assesses the external physical characteristics, neurologic, and neuromuscular development?

A

Gestational age assessment tool: Ballard

40
Q

In what number of wks is it when neurological changes are more significant and physical changes is less evident?

A

26-34wks

41
Q

Neurological assessment is based on what?

A

Reflexes

42
Q

What is unstable 24hrs after life?

A

Nervous system

43
Q

What matures in caudocephalad (tail to head)?

A

Neuromuscular system

44
Q

What can aid in assessing gestational age?

A

Neurological assessment

45
Q

Muscle tone progresses from what to what as gestational age progresses?

A

Extensor to flexor

46
Q

Birth after 20wks gestation and before 37wks gestation is what?

A

Prematurity; a preterm newborn

47
Q

What is the term used to describe absence of breathing for >20sec or for less than 20sec when associated w/ cyanosis, pallor and bradycardia?

A

Apnea of prematurity

48
Q

What is the term used to describe small volume feedings of formula or human milk (usually 24mL) designed to “prime” premature infants intestinal tract and stimulate many of its hormonal and enzymatic functions?

A

Minimal enteral nutrition

NUR 201-Exam 1 (12 decks)

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