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NUR 201-Exam 1 > Metabolism- Gestational Diabetes > Flashcards

Metabolism- Gestational Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 most common signs of diabetes?

A

Polyuria, polydipsea, and polyphagia

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2
Q

When do s/s of gestational diabetes start to occur?

A

About 20wk, 2nd trimester

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3
Q

When does the baby start doing the most growing and developing of organs?

A

20 wks

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4
Q

What hormone is produced by the placenta that acts as a growth hormone to help the baby grow, but modifies the moms metabolism and how she processes carbs and lipids?

A

Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)

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5
Q

What’s the 2nd part complication in gestational diabetes that raises the moms blood glucose levels so the baby gets enough nutrients from the extra glucose in the blood and makes moms body less sensitive to insulin?

A

Anti-insulin effect of HPL

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6
Q

What disease do pt’s feel weak, have a HA or seizures and feel TIRED in? Tremors/Tachycardia. Irritability. Restlessness. Excessive hunger. Diaphoresis.

A

Hypoglycemia

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7
Q

What’s a quick way to raise someone’s blood sugar who is hypoglycemic?

A

15/15 rule. Apple juice or piece of candy

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8
Q

What are hypoglycemic levels?

A

Less than 70

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9
Q

What are hyperglycemic levels?

A

Greater than 140

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10
Q

What are normal glycemic levels for a pregnant woman?

A

70-140

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11
Q

What disease do pt’s feel fatigue, have a fruity breath odor, kussmaul breathing, wt. loss, poor wound healing, dehydration and the 3 P’s?

A

Hyperglycemia

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12
Q

Advanced maternal age (>35), BMI greater than 29, previous episode of GD, high fat/high glycemic diet, sedentary lifestyle are all what?

A

Risk factors for GD

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13
Q

By how much should a mom w/ gestational diabetes increase her calorie intake?

A

300kcal/day

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14
Q

By how much should a mom w/ gestational diabetes increase her protein, fat and carbohydrates intake?

A

Protein-20%, fat-40%, complex carbs-40%

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15
Q

Increased amniotic fluid, vascular disease, DKA, difficult labor, increase in yeast and UTI infections, neuropathy and retinopathy are all what?

A

Risks to mom

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16
Q

What other concepts are important to pt. care if a pregnant pt has impaired glucose metabolism?

A

Nutrition, Acid/Base balance, perfusion, elimination, sensory perception, mobility, infection, teaching and learning, reproduction, growth and development of fetus

17
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ nutrition?

A

Poor carb metabolism, wt. loss, constant thirst/hunger

18
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ acid/base balance?

A

DKA

19
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ perfusion?

A

Increase in macro/micro vascular diseases/damage

20
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ elimination?

A

Polyuria, baby can pee in uterus

21
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ sensory perception?

A

Neuropathy, retinopathy

22
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ mobility?

A

Need to be active

23
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ infection?

A

Poor wound healing, increase risk, especially UTI and yeast

24
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ teaching and learning?

A

Diet, s/s, when and how to accu check, how to manage glucose levels and insulin therapy

25
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ reproduction?

A

Can happen again w/ another pregnancy

26
Q

Why might a mother w/ impaired glucose metabolism have a problem w/ growth and development of fetus?

A

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR), respiratory distress syndrome, Macrosomia, sacral agenesis, hyperbilirubin, and neural tube defects

27
Q

What is a failure in developing the lumbar and sacrum of spinal cord and lower extremities are not completely developed?

A

Sacral agensis

28
Q

What is the inability to metabolize the increase in bilirubin?

A

Hyperbilirubin

29
Q

What is a condition where the fetus/newborn is LGA?

A

Macrosomia

30
Q

How can a mother check on the baby during her pregnancy w/ GD?

A

How many movements/hr

31
Q

What insulin covers the meal after the injection; takes 15 min to kick in, peaks at 1hr and lasts for 2 hrs?

A

Rapid acting- AnaLOG, NomaLOG

32
Q

What insulin takes 30min to kick in, peaks at 30 min and lasts for 4 hours?

A

Short acting- Humalin

33
Q

What insulin kicks in w/in 3-4hrs, has no real peak, and lasts for constant duration?

A

Long acting- Lantus

34
Q

What insulin covers the next meal after injection (if given @ breakfast covers lunch); takes 4 hrs to kick in and lasts for 12hrs?

A

70/30 Intermediate and short acting mixture

35
Q

A baby peeing in the uterus can cause what that can cause the membranes to rupture (water break)?

A

Hydramnios

NUR 201-Exam 1 (12 decks)

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