Preload and afterload Flashcards
What is preload?
Force of Stretching of heart during diastole, increases SV - Starling’s law
What is contractility and what is it due to?
Strength of contraction at a given diastolic loading, due to sympathetic nerves + circulating adrenaline increasing [Ca2+ ]i
(Heart rate and Contractility session)
What is afterload?
Force that opposes ejection, reduces SV - Laplaces law
What is energy of contraction?
Energy of contraction is the amount of work
required to generate stroke volume
What are the 2 functions stroke work carries out?
- Increases chamber pressure>aortic pressure(Isovolumetric contraction)
- Ejection
What is starling’s law of the heart?
Energy of contraction of cardiac muscle is
proportional to the muscle fibre length at rest
What is the meaning of starling’s law of the heart?
Greater stretch of ventricle in diastole (resting muscle)
Greater energy of contraction
Greater SV achieved in systole (contracting muscle)
Intrinsic property of cardiac muscle (nerves, hormones etc. not involved)
What is involved in ventricular function curve?
- Normal resting filling pressure
-An increase or decrease in filling can result in considerable changes in stroke volume - Excess filling or an overstretched muscle will lead to a reduction in stroke volume
What is the molecular basis of starling’s law in un-stretched fibre?
Overlapping actin/myosin
- Mechanical inference -
Less cross-bridge formation
available for contraction
What is the molecular basis of starling’s law in stretched fibre?
Less overlapping actin/myosin
- Less mechanical inference -
Potential for more cross-bridge formation
Increased sensitivity to Ca2+ ions
What does starling’s law of the heart balance outputs of and what does this prevent?
Balances outputs of the RV and LV
Prevents fluid congestion in heart
What is starling’s law of the heart responsible for?
-Responsible for fall in cardiac output following
a drop in blood volume
-Responsible for fall in cardiac output during orthostasis (standing)
leading to postural hypotension (dizziness, fainting)
What does starling’s law of the heart contribute to?
Contributes to increased cardiac output during exercise
What does starling’s law of the heart restore in response to IV fluids?
Restores stroke volume and cardiac output in response
to intravenous fluid transfusions
What does the breakdown of starling’s law contribute to?
Breakdown of Starling’s law contributes
to development of cause heart failure