PRELIMS: Ob-Gyn Flashcards
Q: What is the definition of gestational hypertension?
A: BP ≥140/90 mmHg during pregnancy without proteinuria, resolving by 12 weeks postpartum.
Q: What differentiates preeclampsia from gestational hypertension?
A: Presence of proteinuria >300 mg in 24 hrs or symptoms like headache, visual disturbances, or epigastric pain.
Q: What is eclampsia?
A: Grand mal seizures occurring before, during, or after labor due to severe preeclampsia.
Q: What is placenta previa?
A: When the placenta lies low in the uterus, partially or completely covering the cervix.
Q: What is abruptio placenta?
A: Premature separation of the placenta, often causing painful vaginal bleeding.
Q: Name a major risk factor for placenta abruptio.
A: A history of abruptio placenta in a previous pregnancy.
Q: What is gestational diabetes?
A: CHO intolerance of variable severity, first recognized during pregnancy.
Q: What is symphysis pubis dysfunction?
A: Pain and instability due to excessive movement at the pubic symphysis.
Q: What test is used to diagnose gestational diabetes?
A: 50-g OGT, followed by 100-g OGTT if needed (done between 24-28 weeks).
Q: What is the primary treatment for gestational diabetes?
A: Diet and exercise, with insulin if needed (FBS <95 mg/dL or 2HPPG <120 mg/dL).
Q: What is the difference between baby blues and postpartum depression?
Baby blues: Mild, resolves in 1-2 weeks.
Postpartum depression: More intense, lasting weeks to months, requiring treatment.
Q: What is postpartum psychosis?
A: A severe psychiatric condition with hallucinations, paranoia, and risk of self-harm or harm to the baby.
Q: What causes low back pain in pregnancy?
Shift in center of gravity
Increased lumbar lordosis
Hormonal changes affecting ligament laxity
Q: What causes supine hypotension in pregnancy?
A: Compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus, reducing blood return to the heart.
Q: What are the exercise recommendations for low-risk pregnancies?
30 min or more of moderate exercise 3-5x/week
Aerobic + strength training
Avoid supine exercises & overheating
Q: How can supine hypotension be managed?
A: Side-lying position to relieve pressure on the vena cava.
Q: Name a key maternal benefit of exercise during pregnancy.
A: Lower risk of gestational diabetes.
Q: What is stillbirth (fetal death)?
A: The absence of signs of life at or after birth.
Q: What defines a live birth?
A: A newborn with spontaneous breathing, heartbeat, or voluntary movements after birth.
Q: What is the difference between early and late neonatal death?
Early neonatal death: First 7 days after birth.
Late neonatal death: 8-28 days after birth
Q: What is diastasis recti?
A: Lateral separation of the rectus abdominis muscles.
Q: What exercises are recommended for diastasis recti?
Partial sit-ups
Posterior pelvic tilt
Transversus abdominis exercises
Q: What is the only cure for preeclampsia?
A: Delivery of the baby and placenta.
Q: What should be avoided if separation is >2 cm?
A: Full sit-ups and bilateral leg lifts.
Q: How is eclampsia managed?
Control seizures: Magnesium sulfate (4-7 mEq/L).
Control BP: Hydralazine, Nifedipine, Labetalol.
Delivery as soon as stable.
Q: What trimester is supine hypotension most common?
A: 2nd and 3rd trimester, as the uterus compresses the IVC & aorta.
Q: What are symptoms of supine hypotension?
Dizziness, syncope
Nausea, sweating
Bradycardia, hypotension
Q: How is SUPINE HYPOTENSION managed?
Side-lying position
Slowly change positions
Avoid lying flat for long periods
Q: When should exercise be stopped immediately?
If experiencing:
Vaginal bleeding
Dizziness or fainting
Severe chest pain
Uterine contractions
Q: How often should pregnant women exercise?
A: 3-5x per week for at least 30 minutes.
Q: What exercises should be avoided?
Supine exercises after the 1st trimester
High-impact or contact sports
Exercises causing abdominal compression
