MIDTERMS: Osteoperosis Flashcards
❓ What is osteoporosis?
✅ A systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased fracture risk.
❓ What are the two main types of osteoporosis?
✅ Type 1 (Postmenopausal Osteoporosis) – Due to estrogen deficiency.
✅ Type 2 (Senile Osteoporosis) – Due to aging and calcium deficiency.
❓ What causes postmenopausal osteoporosis?
✅ Estrogen deficiency, leading to excessive osteoclast activity and bone resorption.
❓ What are common fracture sites in postmenopausal osteoporosis?
✅ Vertebrae, wrist, and hip.
❓ What medications are used for postmenopausal osteoporosis?
✅ Bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene).
❓ What causes senile osteoporosis?
✅ Aging and calcium/vitamin D deficiency, leading to reduced osteoblast activity.
❓ Who is at risk for senile osteoporosis?
✅ Individuals over 70 years old with poor calcium intake.
❓ What are common causes of secondary osteoporosis?
✅ Chronic diseases (hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s, RA) and long-term medication use (glucocorticoids, heparin, anticonvulsants).
❓ What are common fracture sites in senile osteoporosis?
✅ Hip and vertebrae.
❓ What are the key nutrients for osteoporosis prevention?
✅ Calcium (≥1200 mg/day) and Vitamin D (800-1000 IU/day).
❓ How does glucocorticoid use contribute to osteoporosis?
✅ It decreases bone formation and increases bone resorption.
❓ What is the best way to treat secondary osteoporosis?
✅ Address the underlying condition, optimize calcium & vitamin D intake, and use anti-osteoporotic medications if needed.
❓ Why is osteoporosis called the “silent disease”?
✅ It progresses without symptoms until a fracture occurs.
❓ What are common signs of osteoporosis?
✅ Fragility fractures, Dowager’s hump (kyphosis), height loss, and chronic back pain.
❓ What diagnostic test is used to assess osteoporosis?
✅ DEXA scan (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) – Measures bone mineral density (BMD).
❓ What lifestyle changes help prevent osteoporosis?
✅ Weight-bearing exercise, fall prevention, and avoiding smoking & excessive alcohol.
❓ What are some examples of weight-bearing exercises?
✅ Walking, jogging, dancing, and resistance training.
❓ What surgical options exist for severe osteoporosis?
✅ Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty – Procedures to stabilize vertebral fractures.
✅ It occurs due to estrogen deficiency, leading to excessive osteoclast activity and rapid bone loss.
postmenopausal osteoporosis
✅ Osteoporosis caused by aging and calcium deficiency, usually affecting individuals over 70 years old.
senile osteoporosis,
❓ What are some causes of secondary osteoporosis?
✅ Chronic illnesses such as hyperthyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and Cushing’s syndrome, as well as long-term use of steroids, anticonvulsants, and heparin.
