PRELIMS LECTURE (MNEMONICS) Flashcards
Branches of Toxicology (CATEGORIES)
- Descriptive
- Regulatory
- Mechanistic
Branches of Toxicology (PPT-7)
1.Clinical Toxicology
2.Forensic Toxicology
3. Industrial (Occupational) Toxicology
4. Biochemical/ Molecular Toxicology
5. Pharmacological Toxicology
6. Laboratory Toxicology
7. Nutritional Toxicology
Branches of Toxicology (Table) PPPEEEMMGIBISC
Pharmacology
Public Health
Pathology
Engineering
Epidemiology
Ecology
Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Genetics
Industrial Hygiene
Biochemistry
Immunology
Statistics
Chemistry
What are the MAJOR TYPES of TOXIC SUBSTANCES (3)
1.Chemical
2.Physical
3. Biological
Classification of TOXIC AGENTS (5)
Plant Toxins
Animal Toxins
Drug: Medicines/Poisons
Chemicals Toxins
Weapon/Radioactive elements
TYPE of TOXIC AGENTS (9)
- Hepatoxic
- Nephrotoxic
- Neurotoxic Agents
- Gases and Vapors
- Agents attacking Hematopoietic system
- Aerosols
- Pulmonary Irritants
- Asphyxiants
- Primary Anesthetics
OTHER TOXIC AGENTS (4)
- Mutagenic agents
- Teratogenic Agents
- Sensitization
- Carcinogens
What are the 6 EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS
- Dermatoxic- skin
- Hepatoxic- liver
- Hemotoxic- blood
- Nephrotoxic- kidney
- Neurotoxic- neurons/CNS
- Pulmonotoxic- LUNGS
FACTORS that INFLUENCE TOXICITY (11)
- Physicochemical composition of the toxicant
- Dose and concentration.
- Routes of administration
- Metabolism of the toxic agent
- State of health
- Age and maturity
- Nutritional state and dietary factors
- Pharmacogenetics of idiosincrasy
- Sex
- Environmental
- Chemical interactions
TYPES OF TOXICITY (3)
> Acute
Subchronic
Chronic
What are the TOXIC EFFECTS (4)
- Local and Systemic
- Acute and Chronic
- Reversible and Irreversible
- Allergic and Sensitization effect
TYPES OF EFFECTS (3)
Adverse Effect/ Side effect
Deleterious Effect
Toxic Effect
2 types of ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction)
Type A: Augmented
Type B: Bizzare
What are the molecular mechanism of toxicology (6)
Allergy response
Receptor
Biochemical Pathway
Organ directed
Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis
Teratogenicity
2 major classes of genes that is involved in CARCINOGENESIS
- Proto-oncogens
- Tumor-suppresor genes
Factors Affecting toxicity (6)
Age
Sex
State of health
types of toxic substance
route of administration
duration of exposure
Toxicity can result adverse changes such as; (8)
- alteration of a cell membrane permeability
- interference with co-enzymes
- modification of carriers
- formation of reactive metabolites
- reactions causing depletion of GSH
- action on nucleic acid
- disruption of protein synthesis
- lysosomal changes
Meaning of DUMBELLS
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Lethargy
Salivation
