(Prelims) Basic Cellular Biology

Question 1

Flexible, yet sturdy barrier that surrounds and contains the cytoplasm

Answer 1

Plasma/ Cell membrane

Question 2

Cytoplasm composition

Answer 2

Cytosol and organelles

Question 3

Nucleus composition

Answer 3

DNA (principal molecular component), RNA, proteins, water

Question 4

55% of total cell volume

Answer 4

Cytosol

Question 5

Site of chemical reaction in a cell’s existence

Answer 5

Cytosol

Question 6

Building blocks for maintenance of cell structures n cell growth

Answer 6

Cytosol

Question 7

Disssolves, breakdowns waste products

Answer 7

Cytosol

Question 8

Moves materials around the cell

Answer 8

Cytosol

Question 9

Has its own set of enzymes

Answer 9

Organelles

Question 10

Serves as a functional unit for biochemical preocesses

Answer 10

Organelles

Question 11

Responsible for homeostasis (balances environment)

Answer 11

Organelles

Question 12

Series of channels that allow nucleus to communicate w the cytoplasm

Answer 12

ER

Question 13

Rough vs Smooth ER

Answer 13

Rough ER: synthesizes glycolipids and phospholipids

Smooth ER: Synthesizes fatty acids and steroids (Estrogen and progesterone)

Question 14

Macromolecules are digested into this organelles to produce ethe nergy of the call

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

Site of protein synthesis

Answer 15

Ribosomes

Question 16

Essential to normal cell function

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

Locations where ribosome may be found

Answer 17

1. Outer membrane of the nuclear membrane and to the ER
2. free/ unattached to other cytoplasmic structures
3. mitochondria

Question 18

With enzymes capable of digesting cellular fragment and sometimes itself

Answer 18

Lysosomes

Question 19

Controls intracellular contaminants

Answer 19

Lysosomes

Question 20

Transport end products of digestion to the cytosol

Answer 20

Lysosomes

Question 21

Modifies, sorts, packages, and transport proteins received from the rough ER

Answer 21

Golgi complex

Question 22

Where are centrosomes located?

Answer 22

Near the nucleus

Question 23

Centrosome composition

Answer 23

1. Pair of centrioles
2. Pericentriolar material (Matrix)

Question 24

Contains several oxidases that can oxidize various organic subs

Answer 24

Perixosomes/ Microbodies

Question 25

Oxidizes alcohol

Answer 25

Perixosomes/ Microbodies

Question 26

Could result to cell death if mixed with cytosol and organelles, and is not oxidized

Answer 26

Alcohol

Question 27

Continuous destruction of unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins

Answer 27

Proteasomes/ Protein Destruction

Question 28

Proteasomes/ Protein Destruction Negative Feedback

Answer 28

Halt pathway until proteins are destroyed (if faulty protein is detected)

Question 29

Spherical or oval-shaped structure

Answer 29

Nucleus

Question 30

Controls cellular activities

Answer 30

Nucleus

Question 31

Directs cellular activities

Answer 31

Nucleus

Question 32

Produces ribosome in the nucleoli

Answer 32

Nucleus

Question 33

Houses DNA

Answer 33

Nucleus

Question 34

Controls movement of nucleus or substances

Answer 34

Indentions/ Nuclear pores

Question 35

Human chromosomes

Answer 35

46 Chromosomes, 23 Pairs

Question 36

Produce 2 identical cells (same number and kind of Chromosomes as the original cells)

Answer 36

Somatic cell division

Question 37

Replaces dead or injured tissue cells and adds new ones during tissue growth

Answer 37

Somatic cell division

Question 38

Portion of cell cycle bn mitotic events

Answer 38

Interphase (G1, S, G2)

Question 39

Four phases of the cell cycle

Answer 39

1. M Phase 2. G1 Phase 3. S Phase 4. G2 Phase

Question 40

Radiosenstitive phase as this is where cell growth is active

Answer 40

G1, G2

Question 41

Mitotic (M) Phase

Answer 41

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 42

8-10 hours

Answer 42

G1 phase

Question 43

8 hours

Answer 43

S Phase (DNA replicated)

Question 44

4-6 hours

Answer 44

G2 Phase

Question 45

Phase where Chromosomes are easily visualized under the microscope as this is where cell division begins

Answer 45

Mitosis

Question 46

Chromatic fibers condense into paired chromatids

Answer 46

Prophase

Question 47

Nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear

Answer 47

Prophase

Question 48

Each centrosome moves to an opposite pole of the cell

Answer 48

Prophase

Question 49

Centromeres if chromatic pairs line up at Metaphase plate

Answer 49

Metaphase

Question 50

Centromeres split

Answer 50

Anaphase

Question 51

Identical sets of Chromosomes move to opposite poles of cell

Answer 51

Anaphase

Question 52

Mitotic spindle dissolves, Chromosomes regain chromatic appearance, and a new nuclear membrane form

Answer 52

Telophase

Question 53

Cleavage furrow forms and eventually the cytoplasm of the parent cell fully splits

Answer 53

Cytokinesis

Question 54

When this is complete, interphase begins

Answer 54

Cytokinesis

Question 55

Each new organism is the result of the union of two diff gamete (fertilization), one produced by each parent

Answer 55

Sexual reproduction (Reproductive cell division)

Question 56

3 events during prophase 1 (Meiosis 1)

Answer 56

Synapsis Crossing over Tetrad

Question 57

2 sister chromatids of each pair of hoomologous Chromosomes pair off

Answer 57

Synapsis

Question 58

Exchange bn parts of non-sister (genetically diff) chromatids

Answer 58

Crossing over

Question 59

Resulting four chromatids

Answer 59

Tetrad

Question 60

The tetras formed by the hoomologous pairs of Chromosomes line up along the Metaphase plate of the cell, w hoomologous Chromosomes side by side

Answer 60

Metaphase 1

Question 61

Members of each homologous pair of Chromosomes separate as they are pulled to opp poles of the cell by the microtubules attached to the centromers

Answer 61

Nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear; Chromosomes resume chromatin form; mitotic spindle disappears

Question 62

Conrtactile ring forms cleavage furrow around center of cell, dividing cytoplasm into separate and equal portions

Answer 62

Cytokinesis