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Histopathology Laboratory > PRELIMS > Flashcards

PRELIMS Flashcards

1
Q

The machine on which sections are cut

A

Microtome

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2
Q

Essential parts of a Microtome

A

1. Knife carrier and Knife

2. Block holder

3. Ratchet feed wheel, pawl, and adjustment screws

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3
Q

Types of Microtome

A

1. Rocking Microtome

2. Rotary (Minot) Microtome

3. Freezing Microtome

4. Ultra-thin Microtome

5. Sliding or Base Sledge Microtome

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4
Q

The histology technician’s tool of his profession and becomes a personal possession.

A

Microtome Knife

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5
Q

Each technician should be given at least __ good knife/knives.

A

2

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6
Q

It is where the tissue is held in position.

A

Block holder

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7
Q

Adams developed this in 1789.

A

Sliding or Base Sledge Microtome

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8
Q

Used for actual cutting of tissue sections

A

Knife carrier and knife

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9
Q

Caldwell Trefall invented this in 1881.

A

Rocking Microtome

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10
Q

Used to line up the tissue block in proper position with the knife, adjust the proper thickness of the tissue for successive sections

A

Ratchet feed wheel, pawl and adjustment screws

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11
Q

Principle of the Microtome

A

A pawl is brought into contact with a ratchet wheel, which is connected to a mill head micrometer screw. This action turns the ratchet wheel, which in turn rotates the screw. By this means the block is moved towards the knife at a predetermined thickness.

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12
Q

It consists of central screw by which the block holder is perforated, attached to it is the food pipe carrying carbon dioxide from a cylinder. A simple lever - operated valve allows the release of rapid intermittent burst of carbon dioxide that freezes the block and the tissue.

A

Freezing Microtome

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13
Q

T or F: The knife is usually mounted below the block when using a freezing microtome.

A

Negative. The knife is usually mounted above the block.

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14
Q

Minot invented this in 1885-1886.

A

Rotary (Minot) Microtome

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15
Q

This is capable of cutting sections required for electron microscope.

A

Ultra-thin microtome

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16
Q

Ultra-thin Microtome is capable of cutting sections at ____.

A

0.5 micron

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17
Q

Queckett invented this in 1848.

A

Freezing microtome

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18
Q

A relatively small length of knife is available to use; it is dangerously placed with blade up.

A

Rotary (Minot) Microtome

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19
Q

Used in preparation for serial sections. Ribbons of 60-90 sections are obtained with ease.

A

Rocking microtome

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20
Q

Recommended for cutting extremely hard blocks.

A

Sliding or Base Sledge Microtome

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21
Q

It is not suitable for cutting large blocks as in the sliding microtome but is convenient for cutting serial sections making it faster for large number of routine blocks.

A

Rotary (Minot) Microtome

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22
Q

It is the simplest of all microtomes, the tissue block being mounted on the end of a spring poised rocking arm, the knife is held in a horizontal position, the blade face up and slightly inclined towards the block.

A

Rocking microtome

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23
Q

There are two types of this microtome.

A

Sliding or Base Sledge Microtome

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24
Q

Its knife consist mainly of selected fragments of broken plate glass. Special diamond knife can be used.

A

Ultra-thin Microtome

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25
Q

Three basic shapes of the microtome knife

A

1. Biconcave

2. Plane-concave

3. Plane Wedge

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26
Q

Routinely used for frozen sections and extremely hard specimens embedded in paraffin wax. It is also used for paraffin blocks being cut on the rotary microtome

A

Plane Wedge

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27
Q

For paraffin sections with a rocking or rotary type of microtome. Can be used on a carbon dioxide freezing microtome

A

Biconcave

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28
Q

One slide of thin knife is flat and the other is concave. There are 2 degrees of concavity available. The one with the lesser concavity is used for celloidin sections. The more concave side is used for paraffin sections on the sledge, rotary or rocking microtome.

A

Plane-concave

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29
Q

Care of the microtome knives

A
  1. Store the knife in its box when not in use
  2. Never lay the knife flat in the bench
  3. Never allow the edge to become badly “nicked”. It is advisable to have a second knife for cutting bone and hard tissue
  4. The edge of the knife should be “touch up” daily before use
  5. Always use a back, when required for sharpening. This is not necessary with biconcave knives.
  6. The knife should be cleaned with xylene or toluene before and after use. Never allow it to become rusty.
  7. Never lend or borrow a knife.
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30
Q

Has a vibrating frosted glass plate along which the knife is pushed, edge first, held at the correct angle by a knife holder.

A

Automatic Knife Sharpener

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31
Q

After how many strokes is the blade of the automatic knife sharpener automatically turned over?

A

4 strokes

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32
Q

A cold chamber, which is kept at a temperature of -20°C. It is used to cut frozen tissue. It has replaced the carbon dioxide freezing microtome for frozen sections.

A

Cryostat

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33
Q

____ of tissue can be cut using a cryostat

A

1-4 u

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34
Q

An automatic tissue processor that performs fixation, dehydration, clearing, and paraffin infiltration

A

Autotechnicon

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35
Q

Used for embedding tissue in an easier way.

A

Autotechnicon

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36
Q

Autotechnicon parts

A
  1. Carrier
  2. Sample basket - for the specimen
  3. Receptacle - contains the reagents
  4. Delay timer - it enables the operator to delay the beginning of the processing cycle for any desired time up to 60 hours
  5. Timing disc panel- it contains the power switch, selector, pilot light, transparent plastic door with lock and key
  6. Tissue Embedding Center
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37
Q

Essential parts of the Autotechnicon

A

1. Freon Refrigeration System - provides the instant cooling of the exchange plate

**2. Paraffin Melting Chamber- **forms a penthouse on the right-hand side of the unit and on the lower left of this chamber is a microswitch dispenser. This chamber maintains an optimal paraffin temperature with an adjustable thermostatic control.

**3. Microscreen **- filters particles or sediments

**4. Micro-switch Dispenser **-Porvides a non-clogging flow of molten paraffin for the casting of molds when the plate is gently pressed

**5. Hot and Cold Orientation Platforms **-For different operations of the embedding procedure.

6. Waste Drawer -Catches excess paraffin

**7. Hot Well - **To pre-heat forceps

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38
Q

Also known as the wax oven designed to store paraffin in its liquid state, maintaining a temperature of 2-5°C higher than the melting point of the wax

A

Paraffin oven

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39
Q

Designed primarily for use as a micro-sectioned tissue flotation bath.

A

Flotation water bath

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40
Q

Glass stoppered jars provided at the bottom pad with grooves, usually for fixation and staining.

A

Coplin jars

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41
Q

Methods in the most common usage for the preparation of specimens for examination

A
  1. Sectioning
  2. Smears
  3. Dissociation
  4. Vital Staining
  5. Autoradiography
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42
Q

The most common method of preparing tissues for histologic examination

A

Sectioning

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43
Q

12 steps of histopathologic techniques

A
  1. Numbering
  2. Fixation
    a. Decalcification- if tissue contains calcium (bone and teeth)
  3. Dehydration
  4. Clearing
  5. Infiltration or Impregnation
  6. Embedding, Casting or MOLDING
  7. Blocking
  8. Trimming
  9. Sectioning or Cutting
  10. Staining
  11. Mounting
  12. Labeling
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44
Q

Advantage of Sectioning

A

Cell can be studied in their relationship to one another in the tissue and not divorced from their natural background

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45
Q

In what method is the tissue subjected to the 12 steps of histopath techniques?

A
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46
Q

Can be made by either pressing the cut surface of tissue into slide, an impression smear, spreading material with a wire loop, brushing it between two slides or streaking the specimen into the slide. The preparationg is then fixed, stained, and mounted.

A

Smears

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47
Q

The tissue is teased with needles into a watchglass containing an indifferent medium such as normal saline and then transferred to a microscpe slide for examination.

A

Dissociation

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48
Q

Advantage/Disadvatge of Dissociation

A

A: Cells are examined while still alive.

D: Cells are divored from their normal surroundings.

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49
Q

Used to locate the presence and position of mineral elements in the tissue.

A

Microincineration

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50
Q

The cells maybe stained by dissociating tissue in a simple staining solution (supravital staining) a method often used to stain reticulocytes, or in the living organism by injecting a dye into the tissue (intravital staining)

A

Vital Staining

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51
Q

Radioactive isotopes are injected into organs which are then fixed and sectioned

A

Autoradiography

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52
Q

Type of Examination Requested

A
  1. Routine Paraffin Method (most common)
  2. Papanicolaou Staining method
  3. Rush Frozen Section
  4. Decalcification of Bones and Hard Tissues
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53
Q

Enumerate: Simple Fixatives

A

I. Aldehyde Fixatives

II. Metallic Fixatives

III. Picric Acid fixatives

IV. Acetic Acid fixative

V. Acetone

VI. ALcohol Fixative

VII. Osmium Tetroxide fixative

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54
Q

Enumerate: Aldehyde Fixatives

A
  1. Formaldehyde
  2. Glutaraldehyde
  3. Paraformaldehyde
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55
Q

A gas produced by the oxidation of methyl alcohol and is soluble in water to the extent of 40% by weight. A powerful reducing agent and used as such in the make up for Helly’s fluid.

A

Formaldehyde

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56
Q

Usual fixation time if formaldehyde is used.

A

12-24 hours

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57
Q

Often becomes turbid afer prolonged storage because of the formation of paraformaldehyde which is caused by the polarization of formaldehyde.

A

Commercial formaldehyde

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58
Q

Methods for removal of Formalin Pigments

A

1. Kardasewitsch’s Method

2. Lillie’s Method

3. Picric Acid Method

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59
Q

An aldehyde with a MW of 100 or 2 formaldehyde residues linked by a straight 2 Carbon chains

A

Glutaraldehyde

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60
Q

GLUTARALDEHYDE:

A ___ is best used for small fragments and small needle biopsises, fixed adequately for 2-4hrs in room temp. A _____ is recommended for large tissue not exceeding 4mm in thickness and for 12-24hrs at room temp.

A

2.5% solution; 4%

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61
Q

A polymer of formaldehyde and is a white powder. It is used in a 4% strength at 4°C.

A

Paraformaldehyde

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62
Q

Enumerate: Metallic Fixatives

A

A. Mercuric Chloride

B. Chromate Fixative

C. Lead Fixative

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63
Q

Frequently used in saturated solution. At room temp, its solubility in water is 7%.

A

Mercuric Chloride

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64
Q

Strong oxiding agents and should not combine with reducing agents such as alcohol and formalin. These are used in 1-2% aqueous solution.

A

Chromate Fixatives

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65
Q

Used in 4% aqueous solution

A

Lead Fixative

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66
Q

Usually used in strong or saturated solution. Its solubility is that 1.7g will dissolve in 100ml of distilled water at 15?°C

A

Picric Acid Fixatives

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67
Q

Chemically, picric acid is __________.

A

2,4,6-trinitrophenol

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68
Q
A
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69
Q

Used at ice-cold temperature (-40°C)

A

Acetic Acid Fixative

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70
Q

Used in ice-cold temp (40°C) and is used only in enzyme studies

A

Acetone

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71
Q

Used for rapid denaturing and precipitation of proteins by destroying hydrogen and other bonds. Must be used in concentration from 70-100% bec lesser concentrations lyse the cells

A

Alcohol Fixative

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72
Q

Commonly known as Osmic Acid.

A

Osmium Tetroxide Fixative

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73
Q

It is pale yellow. It dissolves in water (up to 6% at 20°C) forming a solution which is a strong oxidizing agent

A

Osmium Tetroxide Fixative

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74
Q

Enumerate: Compound Fixatives

A

I. Micro-anatomical Fixatives

II. Cytological Fixative

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75
Q

Enumerate: Micro-anatomical Fixatives

A

A. 10% Formal-saline

B.10% Buffered Formalin

C. Heidenhain’s Susa Solution

D. Formol Sublimate

E. Formol Saline Sublimate

F. Zenker’s Solution

G. Zenker’s Formol (Helly’s Fluid)

H. Bouin’s Solution

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76
Q

Recommended for materials from the nervous sustem and general post mortem materials.

A

10% Formol-saline

77
Q

Fixation time for 10% Formol-saline

A

12-24 hours

78
Q

Recommended for preservation of post mortem surgical research specimens

A

10% Buffered Formalin

79
Q

Fixation time of 10% Buffered Formalin

A

24 hours or more

80
Q

Recommended for biopsies of the skin

A

Heidenhain’s Susa Solution

81
Q

Fixation time for Heidenhain’s Susa Solution

A

3-12 hours

82
Q

Recommended for routine post mortem materials

A

Formol Sublimate

83
Q

Fixation time for Formol Sublimate

A

3-24 hours

84
Q

Recommended for post mortem materials

A

Formal Saline Sublimate

85
Q

Fixation time for Formal Saline Sublimate

A

3-24 hours

86
Q

Recommended for post mortem materials 2.0

A

Zenker’s Solution

87
Q

T or F: Fixation time of Zenker’s Solution if the same with Formol Saline Sublimate and Formol Sublimate.

A

Positive. All three - 3-24hours fixation time

88
Q

Recommended for pituitary tissues and bone

A

Zenker’s Formol (Helly’s Fluid)

89
Q

Fixation Time Zenker’s Formol (Helly’s Fluid)

A

12-24 hours

90
Q

Recommended for embryos

A

Bouin’s Solution

91
Q

Enumerate: Nuclear Cytological Fixatives

A

A. Flemming’s Fluid

B. Carnoy’s Fluid

C. Bouin’s Fluid

D. Newcomer’s Fluid

92
Q

Enumerate: Cytoplasmic Cytological Fixative

A

A. Flemming’s Fluid

B. Champy’s Fluid

C. Regaud’s Fluid

D. Orth’s Fluid

93
Q

Recommended for nuclear structures

A

Flemming’s Fluid

94
Q

Fixation time for Flemming’s fluid

A

24-48 hours

95
Q

Recommended for chromosomes study, lymph nodes and urgent studies for glycogen

A

Carnoy’s Fluid.

96
Q

Fixation time for Carnoy’s Fluid

A

1/2 to 3hours

97
Q

Recommended for embryos and glycogen. Fixation time is 6-24 hours.

A

Bouin’s Fluid

98
Q

Recommended for mucopolysaccharides, nuclear protein and chromosomes. Fixation time is 2-3hours.

A

Newcomer’s Fluid

99
Q

Recommended for cytoplasmic structures. Fixation time 26-48 hours

A

Flemming’s Fluid (minus acetic acid)

100
Q

Recommended for mitochondria, Golgi elements and fats. Fixation time:24-48 hours

A

Champy’s fluid

101
Q

Recommended for mitochondria and yolk. Fix time is 12hours

A

Regaud’s Fluid (Moller)

102
Q

Recommended for study of early degenerative process and tissue necrosis. Fix time: 36-72 hours

A

Orth’s Fluid

103
Q

The process of removing extracellular and intracellular water from tissue following fixation and prior to wax infiltration

A

Dehydration

104
Q

Characteristics of an Ideal Dehydrating Agent

A
  1. It must dehydrate tissue rapidly without producing considerable shrinkage or distortion
  2. It should not evaporate very fast
  3. It should be able to dehydrate even fatty tissues
  4. It should not harden the tissues excessively
  5. It should not be toxic to the handler
105
Q

As a general rule, the amount of dehydrating agent used should not be _____ the volume of the specimen in order to ensure complete penetration of the tissue.

A

less than 10 times

106
Q

Three solutions commonly used in dehydration

A

Alcohol, acetone, dioxane

107
Q

Methods/Solutions used in dehydration

A

Alcohol Method

Acetone Method

Dioxane Method

Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

Cellosolve (Ethylene Glycol Monoethylether)

Tri-ethyl Phosphate

108
Q

T or F: The more delicate the tissues, the higher the grade of alcohol suitable for commencing dehydration and larger intervals should be between the strengths of the ascending alcohols.

A

F. lower, smaller, ascending

109
Q

Consists of passing the tissue through a series of progressively more concentrated alcohol baths.

A

Alcohol Method

110
Q

Used for more urgent biopsies.

A

Acetone Method

111
Q

A unique reagent which has the property of being miscible with both water and molten paraffin wax. It is an excellent dehydrating and clearing agent

A

Dioxane Method (Diethylene Dioxide)

112
Q

Used as both dehydrating and clearing agent of tissues since it is miscible in both water and paraffin. It dissolves many substances inclusing fats and is miscible with lower alcohols, ether, chloroform, acetone, benzene and xylene

A

Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

113
Q

Causes less shrinkage and easier cutting of sections with fewer artifacts. It does not dissolve out aniline dyes.

114
Q

Used bec of ots rapid action withoug producing overhardening and distortion of tissues

A

Cellosolve (Ethylene Glycol Monoethylether)

115
Q

Removes water very rapidly and produces very little distortion and hardening of the tissue. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone and xylene. It produces minimum tissue damage

A

Tri-ethyl Phosphate

116
Q

The process of removing alcohol from section of tissue by immersing then in ante-medium. During this process, the tissue becomes usually transparent as a result of the ante-medium rasing the refractive index.

A

Dealcoholization or Clearing

117
Q

Characteristics of a Good clearing agent

A
  1. It should be miscible with alcohol to promote rapid removal of the dehydrating agent from the tissue.
  2. It should be miscible to paraffic wax and/or mounting medium to facilitate impregnation and mounting of sections
  3. it should not produce excessive tissue shrinkage and hardening
  4. It should not evaporate quickly in water bath
  5. It should make tissues transparent
118
Q

Most common clearing agents

A

1. Benzene

2. Chloroform

3. Xylene (Xylol)

4. Toluene

5. Cedar Oil

6. Clove Oil

7. Oil of Bergamot

8. Oil of Origanum

9. Oil of Wintergreen

10. Carbon Disulfide

11. Carbon Tetrachloride

**12. Carbol-xylene **

13. Tetrahydrofuran

14. Terpincol

15. Phenol

16. High Test “Aviation Lead-Free Gasoline”

119
Q

Recommended claering agent for routine work

120
Q

One bath is needed. It is miscible with absolute alcohol (74 O.P. spirit)

A

Chloroform

121
Q

Colorless. Clearing agent recommended for urgent biopsies

A

Xylene (Xylol)

122
Q

Clearing agents recommended for routine work

A
  1. Benzene
  2. Chloroform
  3. Toluene
123
Q

One bath is required. It is miscible with absolute alcohol.

124
Q

Recommended clearing agent for CNS, skin, smooth muscle and cytological work. Two baths are required. It is miscible with 95% alcohol.

125
Q

Recommended clearing agents for skin and smooth muscle

A

Clove Oil

Oil of Bergamot

126
Q

This Spanish hop oil or thyme oil, or mixtures of these two, with or without turpentine. Recommended clearing agent for skin.

A

Oil of Origanum

127
Q

Recommended clearing agent for delicate tissues. Methyl salicylate; artificial oil.

A

Oil of Wintergreen

128
Q

clearing agent recommended for smooth muscles

A

Carbon Disulfide

129
Q

clearing agent recommended for friable tissues. It is made by adding anhydrous crystals of phenol to xylene until no more dissolves

A

Carbol-xylene

130
Q

clearing agent that is good for moist and humid climates but is corrosive

A

Carbol-xylene

131
Q

clearing agent in which 3 baths are required. Is recommended for cellular organs, friable tissues, skin, atheromatous arteries, and hard collagenous specimens.

A

Tetrahydrofuran

132
Q

Recommended for delicate material esp. eyes.

133
Q

A colorless liquid having a boiling point of 65°C, a freezing point of -108.5°C and a density of 0.8894. It is a wide range solvent (including fats) and is soluble in most solvents.

A

Tetrahydrofuran

134
Q

Clearing agent recommended for smooth muscles.

135
Q

An excellent clearing or dealcoholization agent.

A

Hight Test “Aviation Lead-Free Gasoline”

136
Q

______,_______,_________ are High Test “Aviation Lead-Free Gasoline clearing agents that cause the least hardening of tissues.

A

Cedar oil, gasoline, petroleum ether.

137
Q

Methods of Embedding

A

Paraffin Method of Embedding

Celloidin Method of Embedding

Gelatin Method of Embedding

Vacuum Embedding

Double Embedding Method

Plastic Embedding

138
Q

Employed as embedding medium for friable specimens and tissue fragments requiring frozen section. This method does not require dehydration and clearing process.

A

Gelatin Method of Embedding

139
Q

Simplest, most common, and best embedding medium for routine processing

A

Paraffin Method of Embedding

140
Q

Used for ultrathin sections for electron microscopy

A

Plastic Embedding

141
Q

This is the process in which tissues are first infiltrated with celloidin and consequently embedded in paraffin. This is used to facilitate cutting large blocks of dense firm tissues like the brain. They are recommended for making small sections of celloidin blocks.

A

Double Embedding Method

142
Q

Useful embedding medium for hard or friable specimens; for neurologic works

A

Celloidin Method of Embedding

143
Q

A purified form of nitro-cellulose (gun cotton) and is normally supplied as a wool or in shreds moistened with alcohol and is used in 3 concentrations. It is dissolved in equal parts of ether and alcohol

144
Q

Impregnation with wax under negative atmospheric pressure

A

Vacuum embedding

145
Q

Embedding mediums used in Plastic Embedding

A
  1. Butylmethacrylate
  2. Epoxy resins
    a. Epon resins
    b. Araldite
    c. Maraglass 665
    d. Vestopal-W-polyester resin
146
Q

Micture of di-tri-epoxides formed by the condensation of epichlorohydrin and glycerin.

A

Epon resins

147
Q

Enumerate: Molds for Embedding

A
  1. Leuckhart’s Embedding Mold
  2. Plastic Ice Trays or Cups
  3. Compound Embedding Unit
  4. Watch Glasses
  5. Paper Boat
  6. Peel-a-Way
  7. TIMS
148
Q

These are convenient molds for routine work and are widely used. They consist of 2 L-shaped pieces of metal, usually brass and are purchased in a variety of sizes.

A

Leuckhart’s Embedding Mold

149
Q

The molded plastic capsules come in 2 sizes. Consists of 3 pieces: a perforated bottom, a frame centerpiece, and a perforated lid.

150
Q

Once the wax has solidified, the plastic walls are peeled off one at a time, giving perfect blocks that requires no trimming. They can be placed directly in the chuck of the microtome.

A

Peel-a-Way

151
Q

Consists of a series of interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base, forming several compartments. It has the advantage of embedding more specimens at a time, thereby rendering the time needed for blocking.

A

Compound Embedding Unit

152
Q

These are ideal for embedding fragmentary biopsies.

A

Watch Glasses

153
Q

These forms are convenient molds for the busy routine laboratory.

A

Plastic Ice Trays or Cups

154
Q

These maybe made from a thick paper or cardboard paper. They have the advantages of being cheap to make and allowing blocks to be stored without being removed. They provide easy and accurate identification of specimens, thereby avoiding confusion and interchange of tissue blocks.

A

Paper Boat

155
Q

2 Stages of manual sharpening of knives

A
  1. Honing
  2. Stropping
156
Q

The process of grinding the cutting edge of the knife on a stone to acquire an even edge.

157
Q

Direction of Honing

A

Heel-to-Toe

158
Q

Its purpose is to remove the “burr” and to polish the cutting edge

159
Q

Direction of Stropping:

A

Toe-to-Heel

160
Q

Lubricants for Hones

A
  1. Soapy water
  2. 3 in 1 oil (a micture of three oils: animal, vegatable and mineral)
  3. Mineral Oil USP (Liquid Paraffin BP)
  4. Castor Oil
  5. Clove Oil
  6. Xylene
161
Q

Most recommended Types of Hones:

A

1. Arkansas

2. Belgium Yellow

3. Fine Carborundum

4. Plate Glass

162
Q

Convenient size for the hone

A

8 x 3 inches

163
Q

An artificial stone with more of a polishing effect than Belgium Yellow

164
Q

A natural sandstone set into a slate backing. This is the best hone for manual sharpening

A

Belgium Yellow

165
Q

The bite given by this is similar to that of the Belgium Yellow

A

Plate Glass

166
Q

An artificial stone with much coarser bite than either the Belgium Yellow or the Arkansas. It is only used for badly nicked knives, which should then be finished on one of the other hones.

A

Fine Carborundum

167
Q

This solution is irritating to the skin causing allergic dermatitis

A

Formaldehyde

168
Q

It is used for thin and ultrathin sections for plastic embedding.

A

Paraformaldehyde

169
Q

It preserves cellular and plasma protein better.

A

Glutaraldehyde

170
Q

It forms an insoluble suboxide precipitate and is poor for glycogen fixation.

A

Chromate Fixative

171
Q

Used mainly for Mucopolysaccharides

A

Lead Fixatives

172
Q

Used in 3% aqueous solution. It is a strong fixative for certain lipids.

A

Potassium Dichromate

173
Q

It is a strong protein precipitant and preserves carbohydrates.

A

Chromate Fixative

174
Q

Best fixative for Glycogen

A

Picric Acid

175
Q

Lyses red blood cells and causes considerable shrinkage of tissues

A

Picric Acid Fixatives

176
Q

Fixes and precipitates nucleoprotein. It precipitates chromosomes and chromatin materials which makes it more useful in nuclear studies.

A

Acetic Acid Fixative

177
Q

Recommended for phosphates and lipases studies.

178
Q

Destroys mitochondria and Golgi elements and causes considerable swelling of tissues.

A

Acetic Acid Fixative

179
Q

Used for fixing brain tissues for rabies.

180
Q

Fixes conjugate fats and lipids permanently by making them insoluble during subsequent treatment with alcohol and xylene.

A

Osmium Tetroxide Fixatives

181
Q

It does not preserve thick slices of tissues thus not to be used for more than 1cm thick specimen sections

A

Formol Sublimate

182
Q

It is recommended for tissues to be stained by one of the trichrome technique

A

Zenker’s Solution

183
Q

Prolonged fixation of tissue in this produces brown scum and may cause lysis of RBCs.

A

Zenker’s Formol (Helly’s Fluid)

184
Q

It is excellent for preserving nuclear elements (chromosome) and permanently preserves fats.

A

Flemming’s Fluid

185
Q

It is extremely rapid, probably, the most rapid of all fixatives.

A

Carnoy’s Fluid

186
Q

It gives better nuclear fixation than Flemming’s Fluid.

A

Bouin’s Fluid

187
Q

Only a small amount of fixative is required, 5-10times the bulk of the tissue.

A

Champy’s Fluid

188
Q

It is more penetrating than Chromium fixatives.

A

Regaud’s Fluid (Moller)

189
Q

It demonstrates Rickettsia and other bacteria and preserves myelin better than buffered formalin.

A

Orth’s Fluid

Histopathology Laboratory (3 decks)

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