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Histopathology Laboratory > 41-68 > Flashcards

41-68 Flashcards

0
Q

Usual thickness of tissue sections for routine histologic procedures

A

4-6 u

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1
Q

Process of cutting the tissue into thin slices

A

Sectioning

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2
Q

Clearance angle when sectioning

A

0-15degrees

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3
Q

Temp of Water bath used for flotation

A

45-50’C (10’C lower than the melting point of the wax)

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4
Q

Process whose purpose is to optically differentiate the cells, cellular constituents and tissue constituents by variation in color

A

STAINING

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5
Q

Routine staining method used for tiasues

A

HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN METHOD

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6
Q

Process of putting coverslip on the stained tissue using mounting medium to stick the coverslip on the slide

A

Mounting

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7
Q

It is done to facilitate the handling of the slide to prevent damage to the section

A

Mounting

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8
Q

It is a means of identification of the specimen; the year, S or A, and number are indicated on one end of the slides

A

Labeling

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9
Q

Complete removal of calcium salts from the tissue following fixation

A

Decalcification

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10
Q

4 types of decalcification

A
  1. Acids
  2. Chelating agents
  3. Ion exchange resin
  4. Electrolytic method
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11
Q

In acid method, the common slides are:

A

Nitric acid(5-10%)

Formic acid(5%)

Formic acid-sodium citrate soln

Hydrochloric acid (1%)

Trichloroacetic acid(5%)

Chromic acid (Flemmings fluid)

Perenyi’s Fluid

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12
Q

This acid frequently develop a yellow color due to the formation of nitrous acid and the addition of .1% urea to the concentrated soln temp arrests discoloration

A

5-10%Nitric Acid

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13
Q

Decal time of nitric acid

A

1-3 days

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14
Q

Formula of nitric acid

A

5-10mL Conc HNO3

100mL D. H20

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15
Q

Recommended for post-mortem and research tissue

A

Formic acid

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16
Q

Decal time of Formic acid

A

2-7 days

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17
Q

Recommended for research purpose, bone marrow and autopsy

A

Formic acid-Sodium citrate soln

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18
Q

decal time of Formic acid-Na citrate soln

A

2-7 days

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19
Q

Recommended for urgent biopsies

A

1% HCl

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20
Q

Decal time of 1% HCl

A

1-2 days

21
Q

Recommended for small spicule of delicate tissues

A

5% TCA(trichloroacetic acid)

22
Q

Decal time of TCA

A

4-6 days

23
Q

It is a very weak decal agent and not used for DENSE tissue

A

5% TCA

24
Q

For routine purpose, for minute biopsies

A

Chromic Acid (Flemming’s Fluid)

25
Q

It may be used as a decal agent and a fixing agent

A

Chromic acid or Flemming’s fluid

26
Q

Recommended for routine work

A

Perenyo’s fluid

27
Q

Decal time of Chromic acid

A

2-6 days

28
Q

Decal time of perenyi’s fluid

A

2-8 days

29
Q

Decalcifies and softens bones at the same time

A

Perenyi’s fluid

30
Q

These are substances that combine with calcium ions, other salts like iron and magnesium deposits to form weakly dissociated complexes and facilitate removal of calcium salt

A

Chelating agents

31
Q

These are recommended for detailed microscopic studies

A

Chelating agents

32
Q

This is a rapid commercial decalcifying agent consisting of a solution of a chelating agent in dilute hydrochloric acid

A

Cal -Ex

33
Q

This solution combines with calcium and forms soluble non-ionized complexes

A

Versene (EDTA)

34
Q

Decalcification time of Cal-Ex

A

2-24 hrs

35
Q

Decalcification time of Versene (EDTA)

A

2-4 days

36
Q

An ammonium form of polysterene resin which is addedto the decalcifying solution to speed up the process of decalcification

A

Ion exchange resin

37
Q

Common choice of decalcifying agent when adding ion exchange resin

It consists of a nonmineral acid

A

Formic acid

38
Q

A process whereby insoluble calcium salts in the bone are changed to an ionizable salt and acid by the electrical fields between the electrodes causing calcium ion to migrate to the cathode

A

Electrolytic method

39
Q

This method is recommended for small fragments of bones, processing tissue paper on a limited number of time

A

Electrolytic method

40
Q

Decalcification time of electrolytic method

A

1-4 hrs

41
Q

This is apt to produce needle tract artifact and destroys cellular details and also small calcified foci may not be detected

A

Physical/mechanical test by needling

42
Q

It is very expensive although the most ideal and most reliable method of determining extent of the calcification due to its ability to detect even the smallest focus of calcium which remains opaque in any xray plate

A

Xray or Radiological test

43
Q

In chemical testing, if result: fluid is clear

A

Complete Decalcification

44
Q

In chemical testing, if result: fluid is cloudy

A

Incomplete Decalcification

45
Q

3 staining methods of decalcified Bones

A

1) by using modified Harris (or Ehrlich’s )hematoxylin-eosin staining method
2) by using harris hematoxylin and van Gieson’s stain
3) by using Schmorl’s picrothionine stain

46
Q

Stain which is excellent for demonstrating the canalicular structure of the bone because it forms a thionine-picrate ppt in the canaliculi

A

Schmorl’s picrothionine stain

47
Q

Color of bone canaliculi, cells and nuclei in Schmorl’s picrothionine stain

A

Blue to blue-black

48
Q

Color of bone matrix in Schmorl’s picrothionine stain

A

Yellowish

49
Q

Color of cartilage ground substance in Schmorl’s picrothionine stain

A

Purple

Histopathology Laboratory (3 decks)

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