41-68

Question 0

Usual thickness of tissue sections for routine histologic procedures

Answer 0

4-6 u

Question 1

Process of cutting the tissue into thin slices

Answer 1

Sectioning

Question 2

Clearance angle when sectioning

Answer 2

0-15degrees

Question 3

Temp of Water bath used for flotation

Answer 3

45-50’C (10’C lower than the melting point of the wax)

Question 4

Process whose purpose is to optically differentiate the cells, cellular constituents and tissue constituents by variation in color

Answer 4

STAINING

Question 5

Routine staining method used for tiasues

Answer 5

HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN METHOD

Question 6

Process of putting coverslip on the stained tissue using mounting medium to stick the coverslip on the slide

Answer 6

Mounting

Question 7

It is done to facilitate the handling of the slide to prevent damage to the section

Answer 7

Mounting

Question 8

It is a means of identification of the specimen; the year, S or A, and number are indicated on one end of the slides

Answer 8

Labeling

Question 9

Complete removal of calcium salts from the tissue following fixation

Answer 9

Decalcification

Question 10

4 types of decalcification

Answer 10

1. Acids
2. Chelating agents
3. Ion exchange resin
4. Electrolytic method

Question 11

In acid method, the common slides are:

Answer 11

Nitric acid(5-10%)

Formic acid(5%)

Formic acid-sodium citrate soln

Hydrochloric acid (1%)

Trichloroacetic acid(5%)

Chromic acid (Flemmings fluid)

Perenyi’s Fluid

Question 12

This acid frequently develop a yellow color due to the formation of nitrous acid and the addition of .1% urea to the concentrated soln temp arrests discoloration

Answer 12

5-10%Nitric Acid

Question 13

Decal time of nitric acid

Answer 13

1-3 days

Question 14

Formula of nitric acid

Answer 14

5-10mL Conc HNO3

100mL D. H20

Question 15

Recommended for post-mortem and research tissue

Answer 15

Formic acid

Question 16

Decal time of Formic acid

Answer 16

2-7 days

Question 17

Recommended for research purpose, bone marrow and autopsy

Answer 17

Formic acid-Sodium citrate soln

Question 18

decal time of Formic acid-Na citrate soln

Answer 18

2-7 days

Question 19

Recommended for urgent biopsies

Answer 19

1% HCl

Question 20

Decal time of 1% HCl

Answer 20

1-2 days

Question 21

Recommended for small spicule of delicate tissues

Answer 21

5% TCA(trichloroacetic acid)

Question 22

Decal time of TCA

Answer 22

4-6 days

Question 23

It is a very weak decal agent and not used for DENSE tissue

Answer 23

5% TCA

Question 24

For routine purpose, for minute biopsies

Answer 24

Chromic Acid (Flemming's Fluid)

Question 25

It may be used as a decal agent and a fixing agent

Answer 25

Chromic acid or Flemming's fluid

Question 26

Recommended for routine work

Answer 26

Perenyo's fluid

Question 27

Decal time of Chromic acid

Answer 27

2-6 days

Question 28

Decal time of perenyi's fluid

Answer 28

2-8 days

Question 29

Decalcifies and softens bones at the same time

Answer 29

Perenyi's fluid

Question 30

These are substances that combine with calcium ions, other salts like iron and magnesium deposits to form weakly dissociated complexes and facilitate removal of calcium salt

Answer 30

Chelating agents

Question 31

These are recommended for detailed microscopic studies

Answer 31

Chelating agents

Question 32

This is a rapid commercial decalcifying agent consisting of a solution of a chelating agent in dilute hydrochloric acid

Answer 32

Cal -Ex

Question 33

This solution combines with calcium and forms soluble non-ionized complexes

Answer 33

Versene (EDTA)

Question 34

Decalcification time of Cal-Ex

Answer 34

2-24 hrs

Question 35

Decalcification time of Versene (EDTA)

Answer 35

2-4 days

Question 36

An ammonium form of polysterene resin which is addedto the decalcifying solution to speed up the process of decalcification

Answer 36

Ion exchange resin

Question 37

Common choice of decalcifying agent when adding ion exchange resin It consists of a nonmineral acid

Answer 37

Formic acid

Question 38

A process whereby insoluble calcium salts in the bone are changed to an ionizable salt and acid by the electrical fields between the electrodes causing calcium ion to migrate to the cathode

Answer 38

Electrolytic method

Question 39

This method is recommended for small fragments of bones, processing tissue paper on a limited number of time

Answer 39

Electrolytic method

Question 40

Decalcification time of electrolytic method

Answer 40

1-4 hrs

Question 41

This is apt to produce needle tract artifact and destroys cellular details and also small calcified foci may not be detected

Answer 41

Physical/mechanical test by needling

Question 42

It is very expensive although the most ideal and most reliable method of determining extent of the calcification due to its ability to detect even the smallest focus of calcium which remains opaque in any xray plate

Answer 42

Xray or Radiological test

Question 43

In chemical testing, if result: fluid is clear

Answer 43

Complete Decalcification

Question 44

In chemical testing, if result: fluid is cloudy

Answer 44

Incomplete Decalcification

Question 45

3 staining methods of decalcified Bones

Answer 45

1) by using modified Harris (or Ehrlich's )hematoxylin-eosin staining method 2) by using harris hematoxylin and van Gieson's stain 3) by using Schmorl's picrothionine stain

Question 46

Stain which is excellent for demonstrating the canalicular structure of the bone because it forms a thionine-picrate ppt in the canaliculi

Answer 46

Schmorl's picrothionine stain

Question 47

Color of bone canaliculi, cells and nuclei in Schmorl's picrothionine stain

Answer 47

Blue to blue-black

Question 48

Color of bone matrix in Schmorl's picrothionine stain

Answer 48

Yellowish

Question 49

Color of cartilage ground substance in Schmorl's picrothionine stain

Answer 49

Purple