PRELIMS Flashcards
Areas of Statistics
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Involves the collection, organization and presentation of data.
Descriptive Statistics
Involves generalizing from samples to populations performing estimations and hypothesis tests and predictions.
Inferential Statistics
The human beings or subjects that are being studied.
Population
Characteristic of a population.
Parameter
Subset of a population
Sample
Characteristic of a sample
Statistic
A characteristic or quality that can take on different values.
Variable
Data
The values or the measurements that the variables can assume.
Qualitative Variables are numerical and can be ordered or ranked. True or False?
False. Qualitative Variables refers to categories according to some characteristic. (can either b numerical or non-numeric)
Two types of quantitative variables.
Discrete Quantitative and Continuous Quantitative Variables
Countable values
Discrete Quantitative Variables
Can be obtained by measuring. Can assume infinite number of values along line interval.
Continuous Quantitative Variable
Quantities that can assume just one value.
Constants
A variable that the researcher chooses to study in order to assess its possible effects or influence on one or more other variables.
Independent Variable
The variable which is presumed to be affected by the IV.
Dependent Variable
A secondary IV that modifies the relationship between the primary IV and DV.
Moderator Variable
What is a. Mediator Variable?
a variable that attempts to explain the relationship between two other variables.
Define Extraneous Variable
Independent variables that cannot be controlled.
What are the 4 Levels of Measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Classifies data into mutually exclusive categories that are “equal”.
Nominal
Define Ordinal Measurement.
Classifies data into mutually exclusive categories which are ranked.
Ranks data and there are precise differences between units of measure.
Interval Measurement
Ratio
Has meaningful zero.
Quali or Quanti? If Quanti, discrete or continuous?
Area of specialization of BSET students.
Quali
Defined as the chance of an event is occurring.
Probability
A variable whose values are determined by chance.
Random Variable
Describes the probabilities of the possible values of a continuous random variable.
Continuous Probability Distribution
Consists of the values a random variable can assume and the corresponding probabilities of the values.
Discrete Probability Distribution
Binomial Distribution
outcomes of a binomial experiment.
3 Types of Data Presentation
Textual, tabular, and graphical forms.
Used when the goal of the presenter is to provide background about an event.
Textual presentation
Most common in representing individual and both quantitative and quali information.
Tabular Presentation
Divides the data set into 100 equal parts
Percentile
Divides the data set into ten equal parts.
Decile
Divides the data set into four equal parts.
Quartile
The squared deviations from the mean.
Variance
The square root of the squared deviations from the mean.
Standard Deviation
The mean of the highest and the lowest score.
Midrange
Each data value is plotted as a point along a scale of values.
Dot plot
Line graph that shows cumulative frequencies.
Ogive
Graph used for nominal data.
Bar Graph
Graph used for ratio and interval data.
Histogram
Graph that also used for ratio and interval data. The class mark or midpoint is used as dots connected by lines.
Frequency Polygon
Quantitative data with separate values: the stem and the leaf
Stemplot
