PRELIMS Flashcards
what are the 3 different phases in the development of an organized health care
formative period
first 4 decades
after world war 2
the emergence of nursing and other health professionals, patient-caregiver relationship, tuberculosis
formative period
the division of child hygiene was established in nyc in 1908 ; provided instruction to the lower east side
first 4 decades of the 20th century
practices lead to education programs in sanitation, immunization, prevention, and treatment
first 4 decades of the 20th century
scientific accomplishments and changes ; educating rather than providing public health education
after world war 2
patient education as part of the clinical encounters but overshadowed by increasingly more technological orientation
after world war 2
patients were recognized as health care consumers
after world war 2
originally derived from observation of learning in animals ; environmental stimulus
behavioral
learner’s ability to solve problems rather than simply responding to stimuli ; internal perception
cognitive
product of interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental
social
a russian physiologist who studied the saliva’s role in the digestive tract with dogs by presenting them fod
ivan pavlov
dogs were classically conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell
classical conditioning theory
focused on effects of reward and punishment, success or failure, and satisfaction or annoyance on the learner ; man is a mass of original tendencies that could be exploited for either good or bad
edward thorndike’s connectionism theory
3 major laws or learning in conectionism theory
Law of exercise or repetition
Effect
Readiness
Described the effects of the consequences of a particular behavior on the future occurrence of that behavior
Operant conditioning
Rewards and recognitions that strengthens behavior
Positive reinforcement
Punishment and extinction that weakens behavior
Negative reinforcement
Consequence of experiencing a negative condition
Punishment
Consequence of not experiences either positive or negative condition
Extinction
Man has no soul and mind ; man is a machine
Behaviorism
Combination of stimuli which has accompanied a movement will on its recurrence finds to be followed by that movement
contiguity theory
Means that a stimulus pattern gain its full associative strength on the occasion of its first paining
One trial learning
Forgetting is a form of retroactive or associative inhibition
Contiguity
Occurs when one habit replaces another dud to some stronger stimuli
Associative inhibition
Wolfgang Kohler, a German psychologist, argued that animals did not learn
everything thru a gradual trial-&-error process, or stimulus-response association
Insight theory
Lewin emphasized the meaning of human behavior in terms of the forces & tension that moved men to action in his field
theory.
kurt lewin’s Field theory
An inquiry-based, constructivist learning theory. Takes place in problem solving situations
where the learner draws on her own past experiences & existing knowledge to discover facts & relationships & new truths
to be learned.
Kurt Jame Brunner’s constructive learning theory
Basically a theory about knowledge. It is about how knowledge is presented & how
that presentation facilitates the use of such knowledge in certain ways.
rummelhart’s schema theory
• Focused on presentational methods of
teaching in the acquisition of subject matter
in the curriculum.
• States that the “most meaningful cognitive
learning occurs as a result of interaction
between new information & the individual’s
relevant cognitive structures that he/she
already possesses or have previously
acquired”.
david p ausubel’s assimilation theory
• States that learning involves
functionalism, & significant symbolism.
Stressed that individuals were capable
of self-regulation & self-direction
alber bandura’s social learning theory
