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FORENSIC CHEMISTRY > Prelims > Flashcards

Prelims Flashcards

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1
Q

Are articles and materials which are found in connection with an investigation and which aid in establishing the identity of the perpetrator or the circumstances under which the crime was committed or which in general assist in the prosecution of the criminal.

A

PHYSICAL EVIDENCE/S

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2
Q

is one who practice forensic chemistry.

A

Forensic chemist

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3
Q

That branch of chemistry which deals with the application of chemical principles in the solution of problems that arise in the administration of justice.

A

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY

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4
Q

kind of evidence which seeks to establish a conclusion by inferences from proved facts. Another fact at issue.

A

CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE

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5
Q

Evidence which directly establishes the main fact of issue. Is simply that which the senses perceive.

A

DIRECT EVIDENCE

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6
Q

Is a proof of allegation. It is a means sanctioned by law of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact.

A

EVIDENCE

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7
Q

Evidence wherein scientific knowledge is necessary. Evidence based on or conforming to the principles and techniques of science.

A

SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

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8
Q

Proceeds not from the personal knowledge of the witness but from the mere repetition of what the witness heard other say.

A

HEARSAY EVIDENCE

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9
Q

4 FORMS OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

A

a. Real or Autoptic Evidence
b. Testimonial Evidence
c. Experimental Evidence
d. Documentary Evidence

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10
Q

FOUR MAJOR CLASSIFICATION/KINDS OF EVIDENCE

A
  1. Direct Evidence
  2. Circumstantial Evidence
  3. Hearsay Evidence
  4. Scientific Evidence
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11
Q

Any written evidence presented by an expert in court which is relevant to the subject matter in dispute and not excluded in the Rules of Court.

A

DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

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12
Q

required to perform certain experiments to prove a certain matter of fact. The court however, in its own description may or may not allow this kind of evidence.

A

EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

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13
Q

An expert witness may be placed on the witness stand and answers all questions to be propounded by both parties in the case. It is the declaration of the truth or facts by an expert.

A

TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE

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14
Q

Is that evidence which is addressed to the senses of the court. It is not limited to that which can be known by the senses of vision but extended to those which are perceived by the senses of hearing, taste, smell or touched.

A

REAL OR AUTOPTIC EVIDENCE

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15
Q

One who posses a special skill, be it in art, trade or science, or one who has special in matters not generally known to men of ordinary education and experience.

A

EXPERT WITNESS

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16
Q

States facts and may not express his opinions or conclusions. He may testify to impressions of common experience such as the speed of a vehicle, whether a voice was that of a man, woman or child. Beyond this he is closely limited.

A

ORDINARY WITNESS

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17
Q

In an offense is a person whose guilt is considered on reasonable grounds to be a practical possibility.

A

SUSPECT

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18
Q

A person, other than a suspect who is requested to give information concerning an incident or personspect when testities in court. He maybe a victim, a complainant, an accuser, a source of information, an observer of occurrence.

A

WITNESS

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19
Q

Are known specimens used to compare with the questioned specimen needed to aid in establishing a suspect’s relationship to the crime under investigation.

A

STANDARD SPECIMEN

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20
Q

Perfect Person. The forensic chemist.

A

IDEAL PERSON TO COLLECT THE EVIDENCE

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21
Q

Person capable of applying Knowledge or theory to practice. Person trained by

A

PRACTICAL PERSON TO COLLECT THE EVIDENCE

22
Q

crime lab studies the biological materials found by the investigators at the scene.

A

Forensic Biology

23
Q

If investigators find bullets or a weapon at a crime scene, a crime lab will study the materials to reveal any information that will help investigators piece together who used it.

A

Firearms Identification

24
Q

SIX GOLDEN RULES IN THE PRACTICE OF FORENSIC CHEMISTRY

A
  1. Go slowly
  2. Be Thorough
  3. Take notes
  4. Consult Others
  5. Use Imagination
  6. Avoid complicated Theories
25
Q

the decoding of encrypted documents. For example, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has a Cryptanalysis and Racketeering Records Unit.

A

Cryptanalysis

26
Q

Crime labs identify drugs, bomb materials and other chemicals found at a crime scene. They use complicated equipment to analyze the materials to help investigators build a case.

A

Chemical Analysis

27
Q

The yellowish fluid of blood in which numerous blood corpuscles are suspended.

A

PLASMA

28
Q

largely protein in nature and consists of albumen, several globulins and fibrinogen.

A

Solid- 10%

29
Q

the fluid or liquid portion of blood where the cells are suspended. It is principally composed of:

A

(55%) PLASMA-

30
Q

Has been called the circulating tissue of the body. It is referred to as a highly complex mixture of cells, enzymes, proteins, and inorganic substances.

A

BLOOD

31
Q

straw-yellow liquid formed when clotted blood is allowed to strand for sometime and the clot contracts.

A

Serum

32
Q

THE FOUR TESTS FOR BLOOD:

A
  1. PRELIMINARY TEST
  2. CONFIRMATORY TEST
  3. PRECIPITIN TEST
  4. BLOOD GROUPING TEST
33
Q

Determines the blood group of human.

A

BLOOD GROUPING TEST

34
Q

Determines whether blood is of human or non-human origin, and if non human, the specific animal family from which it originated.

A

PRECIPITIN TEST

35
Q

Determines whether bloodstain really contains blood. Test that positively identifies blood.

A

CONFIRMATORY TEST

36
Q

Determines whether the stain contains blood or another substance. Determines whether visible stains do or do not contain blood. It is used to demonstrate the presence of blood.

A

PRELIMINARY TEST

37
Q

Is any substance that may cause an explosion by its sudden decomposition or combustion. A material either a pure single substance or mixture of substances which is capable of producing an explosion by its own energy.

A

EXPLOSIVES

38
Q

Black coarsely peppered pattern. Individual specks of nitrates (NO3) and nitrites (NO2) around the bullet hole visible with the naked eye.

A

TATTOOING

39
Q

Blackening of area surrounding the bullet hole

A

SMUDGING

40
Q

Means light burning

A

SINGEING

41
Q

Consist of cellulose nitrate or glyceryl nitrate combined with cellulose nitrate and some stabilizers.

A

SMOKELESS POWDER

42
Q

It is consist of an intimate mixture of charcoal or carbon (C)- 15%; Sulfur (S)-10%; and potassium nitrate (KNO3) or sodium nitrate (NaNO3- 75%. When exploded in an open space the following reactions occur:

A

BLACKPOWDER

43
Q

military explosive that looks like ordinary putty or molding clay

A

PLASTIC EXPLOSIVES

44
Q

Used mostly for military explosives. A safe explosive. It will burn but not explode if set on fire.

A

TNT

45
Q

Made by mixing nitroglycerine with powdered clay or sawdust.

A

DYNAMITE

46
Q

Mixture of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and glycerine. Oily liquid that is very dangerous because the slightest shake will cause it to explode.

A

NITROGLYCERINE

47
Q

Explode under the influence of the shock of the explosion of a primary explosive.

A

HIGH EXPLOSIVES

48
Q

Explode or detonate when they are heated or subjected to shock. They do not bum.

A

PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE OR INITIATORS

49
Q

Are combustible materials containing within themselves all oxygen needed for their combustion that bum but do not explode and function by producing gas that produces explosion.

A

PROPELLANTS OR LOW EXPLOSIVES

50
Q

A condition whereby males have abnormally low sperm counts or with few spermatozoa.

A

OLIGOSPERMIA

51
Q

A condition wherein males have no spermatozoa at all in their seminal fluid

A

ASPERMIA

52
Q

A viscid whitish fluid of the male reproductive tract consisting of spermatozoa suspended in secretion of accessory glands.

A

SEMEN

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY (5 decks)

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