Midterm

Question 1

the intermediate and the thickest layer of the shaft and is composed of elongated, spindle shaped fibrils which cohere. They contain pigment granules in varying proportion depending on the type of the hair.

Answer 1

Cortex

Question 2

outermost covering of the hair. It consists of one layer of non-nucleated polygonal cells which overlaps like the scales on fish.

Answer 2

Cuticle

Question 3

sometimes termed point. The distal end of an uncut hair shaft.

Answer 3

Tip

Question 4

portion above the surface of the skin. It is the most distinctive part of the hair.

Answer 4

Shaft

Question 5

portion embedded in the skin.

Answer 5

Root

Question 6

generally short, fine at times curly and wooly.

Answer 6

Fuzz Hair

Question 7

generally long and stiff.

Answer 7

Real Hair

Question 8

is a specialized ephitilial outgrowth of the skin which occur everywhere on the human body except on the palm of the hands and the sole of the feet. It is an appendage of the skin.

Answer 8

Hair

Question 9

It is a dead roots

Answer 9

Dry roots

Question 10

often found on hair in full growth.

Answer 10

Living Roots-

Question 11

the brownish-black pigment in the hair skin, etc. It is the chemical responsible for the color of the hair. Black and brown hair differs only on the amount of melanin. Red hair is thought to be due to iron.

Answer 11

Melanin

Question 12

is the central canal of hair that may be empty or contain various sorts of cells more or less pigmented and begins more or less near the root.

Answer 12

Medulla or Core

Question 13

most characteristic portion of the hair. Have more distinguishing quantities, thus cortex and medulla yields the most reliable criteria in the diagnosis of hair.

Answer 13

MEDULLA

Question 14

similar to axillary hairs but are coarser and do not appear bleached. More wiry, have more construction and twists and usually have continuous broad medulla. Have many broken ends because the clothing rubs against it.

Answer 14

Pubic hair

Question 15

are fairly long with unevenly distributed pigment. They vary considerably in diameter along the shaft and have frequently a bleached appearance. It has an irregular shape and structure. Looks like pubic hair but the ends are sharper and the hair is not so curly.

Answer 15

Axillary hair

Question 16

similar trunk hair but are not so long or so coarse and usually contain less pigment.

Answer 16

Limb hair

Question 17

vary in thickness along the shaft and are immature but are somewhat similar to head hairs. They have fine, long tip ends.

Answer 17

Trunk hair

Question 18

short stubby and have wide medulla. Eyebrow and eyelashes are usually very short and has a sharp tip.

Answer 18

Hairs from eyebrow, eyelid, nose and ear-

Question 19

usually triangular in shape and very stiff.

Answer 19

Moustache

Question 20

coarse, curved, very stiff and often triangular in cross section.

Answer 20

Beard hair

Question 21

they are more mature than any other kind of human hair.

Answer 21

Scalp hair-

Question 22

it is a preliminary macroscopic exam A test that determines whether fiber is mineral, animal or vegetable fiber.

Answer 22

Burning or Ignition Test

Question 23

the word “textile” is derived from the Latin word “______” and the French “______”, to weave, hence textile fiber means that can be converted into yard. A yam consists of fibers or filaments that have been twisted together.

Answer 23

Latin- textilis
French- textere

Question 24

it is the most reliable and best means of identifying fiber. The fiber is placed on a glass slide, teased and covered.

Answer 24

Microscopic examination

Question 25

frequently used to determine the general group to which a fiber belongs. It is not reliable for positive identification of fibers.

Answer 25

Fluorescent Test

Question 26

Odor not so pungent, fumes have no effect on lead acetate paper.

Answer 26

Silk

Question 27

Odor strong, disagreeable; fumes turn lead acetate paper black or brown

Answer 27

Wool

Question 28

Easily distinguished by presence of flattened, over lapping epidermal scales not found on silk or any of the vegetable fibers. Fiber many-celled, cylindrical; shaft composed of three layers; central core or medulla (seldom seen), cortex and scaly cuticle.

Answer 28

Wool

Question 29

Cylindrical, lustrous, appearing like a glass rod. Microchemical reactions, dissolved rapidly by half saturated chromic acid; not colored by Millon’s reagent as in case of true silk.

Answer 29

Artificial Silk

Question 30

similar to cultivated silk but broader and less regular in outline. Marked by very fine longitudiral striations with infrequent diagonal cross-markings.

Answer 30

Wild Silk

Question 31

Smooth, cylindrical, lustrous threads, usually single but often double, the twin- filaments held together by an envelope of gum. More or less transparent, without definite structure.

Answer 31

Cultivated Silk

Question 32

Multicellular filament, straight and cylindrical, not twisted and flattened, tapering to a sharp point. Cell wall thick, the lumen appearing as a narrow dark line in the center of the fiber. Filament marked by transverse lines at intervals causing the fiber to appear jointed, resembling bamboo. Cross lines frequently interest appearing like the letter x.

Answer 32

Linen

Question 33

Straight, cylindrical, with occasional twists, evenly lustrous, smooth except for occasional transverse folds or wrinkles. Cuticle mostly lacking, lumen irregular in width.

Answer 33

Mercerized Cotton

Question 34

Unicellular filament, flat, ribbon-like, twisted spirally to right or left on its axis, central canal or lumen broad uniform in diameter, cell wall thick, covered by a thin, structureless, waxy cuticle. Fiber tapers gradually to a blunt or rounded point at one end.

Answer 34

Cotton

Question 35

If the fiber is white or light colored it is treated with the following chemicals. If dyed, the fiber is first decolorized by boiling in either hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or dilute hydroxide.

Answer 35

Dissolution Test

Question 36

The fiber is stained with picric acid, Millon’s reagent, stannic chloride or iodine solution.

Answer 36

Staining Test

Question 37

If the sample submitted for analysis is fairly large, such as a piece of cloth or a number or large threads, it is suggested that a chemical analysis be made to supplement the microscopic examination and confirm the results obtained from that procedure.

Answer 37

Chemical Analysis of Fibers