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POSITIONING & PROCEDURES > Prelims > Flashcards

Prelims Flashcards

1
Q

is a term that describes central ray angles or relationships between both parts often are related to imaginary planes that pass through the body in the anatomic position

A

body planes

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2
Q

is a reference position that defines specific surfaces and planes of the body

A

anatomic position

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3
Q

is any longitudinal plane that divides the body into right and left portion

A

sagittal plane

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4
Q

is the plane which divides the body into equal right and left halves

A

median/midsagittal plane

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5
Q

is any longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portion

A

coronal plane

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6
Q

is any transverse plane that passes through the body at right angles to a longitudinal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portion

A

horizontal plane

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7
Q

is any plane that can pass through a body part at any angles between three planes

A

oblique plane

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8
Q

is any plane that transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests at the level of the 4th spinous process

A

interiliac plane

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9
Q

a plane that is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws closed

A

occlusal plane

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10
Q

nine regions of the abdomen

A

right hypochondriac
epigastric
left hypochondriac
right lumber
umbilical
left lumbar
right iliac
hypogastric
left iliac

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11
Q

it is the external landmarks related to body structure at the same level

A

surface landmarks

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12
Q

Surface Landmarks:

C1

A

mastoid tip

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13
Q

Surface Landmarks:

C2, C3

A

gonion

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14
Q

Surface Landmarks:

C3, C4

A

hyoid bone

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15
Q

Surface Landmarks:

C5

A

thyroid cartilage

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16
Q

Surface Landmarks:

C7, T1

A

vertebra prominens

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17
Q

Surface Landmarks:

T1

A

5cm above level of jugular notch

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18
Q

Surface Landmarks:

T2, T3

A

level of jugular notch/superior of sternum

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19
Q

Surface Landmarks:

T4, T5

A

level of sternal angle

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20
Q

Surface Landmarks:

T7

A

level of inferior angle of scapulae

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21
Q

Surface Landmarks:

T9, T1

A

level of xiphoid tip/distal of sternum

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22
Q

Surface Landmarks:

L2, L3

A

costal margin/last rib

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23
Q

Surface Landmarks:

L3, L4

A

umbilicus

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24
Q

Surface Landmarks:

L4

A

most superior aspect of the iliac crest

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25
Q

Surface Landmarks:

S1, S2

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

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26
Q

Surface Landmarks:

Coccyx

A

symphysis pubis/greater tubercle

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27
Q

the common variations in the shape of human body

A

body habitus

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28
Q

it determines the shape, size, position of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

body habitus

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29
Q

50% of population has this body habitus

A

sthenic

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30
Q

35% of population has this body habitus

A

hyposthenic

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31
Q

10% of population has this body habitus

A

asthenic

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32
Q

5% of population has this body habitus

A

hypersthenic

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33
Q

the organs and characteristics for this habitus are INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THE STHENIC AND ASTHENIC body habitus types, this habitus is the most difficult to classify

A

hyposthenic

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34
Q

this body habitus is the massive type

A

hypersthenic

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35
Q

toward the front

A

anterior

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36
Q

toward the back

A

posterior

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37
Q

toward the head

A

superior

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38
Q

toward the feet

A

inferior

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39
Q

towards the median plane/near the middle of the body

A

medial

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40
Q

away from the median plane

A

lateral

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41
Q

parts closer/near the source or beginning

A

proximal

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42
Q

parts away from the source or beginning

A

distal

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43
Q

towards the head end

A

cephalad, cephalic, cranially

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44
Q

towards the feet or tail end

A

caudal, caudad

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45
Q

near the skin surface

A

superficial

46
Q

away from the near surface

A

deep

47
Q

refers to the same side of the body

A

ipsilateral

48
Q

refers to the opposite side of the body

A

contralateral

49
Q

refers to one side of the body

A

unilateral

50
Q

refers to both side of the body

A

bilateral

51
Q

refers to the sole or posterior surface of foot

A

plantar

52
Q

refers to the top or posterior surface of foot

A

dorsum/dorsal

53
Q

refers to the palm of the hand

A

palmar

54
Q

is the process of recording an image of a body part using one or more types of image receptors

A

radiography

55
Q

is the device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of the body part

A

image receptor

56
Q

a device that contains special screen that glow when struck by xray and imprints athe xray image on film

A

cassette w/ film

57
Q

a device used for computed radiography similar to a conventional intensifying housed in special cassette that contains special phosphors that store the xray image, inserted into a reader device which scans the IP with a laser

A

image plate

58
Q

a flat panel thin film transistor detector or charged coupled device used for direct digital radiography, the fastest processing system with image available in 6 seconds or less

A

solid state detectors

59
Q

is the end result of an exacting technical procedure, permanent record of the part under study

A

radiograph

60
Q

relationship of the anatomic superimposition to size, shape, position must be reviewed

A

superimposition

61
Q

different in density between two areas in radiograph

A

contrast

62
Q

the ability to visualize small structures and must be sufficient to clearly demonstrate the desired anatomic part

A

recorded detail

63
Q

OID

A

object to image receptor distance

64
Q

SID

A

source to image receptor distance

65
Q

6 identification of the radiograph

A

patient’s name
date
marker
institution identity
xray number
age

66
Q

lying on back facing upward

A

supine

67
Q

lying on abdomen facing downward

A

prone

68
Q

upright position to stand, sit or erect

A

erect

69
Q

lying down in any position

A

recumbent

70
Q

a recumbent position with the body tilted with head lower than the feet

A

tredelenburg

71
Q

a recumbent position with the body tilted with head higher than the feet

A

fowlers

72
Q

a recumbent oblique position with the patient lying on the anterior side with the right knee and thigh flexed and the left arm extended down behind the back

A

sims

73
Q

position where the knees are as closed as possible to the chest

A

genupectoral/knee chest

74
Q

a supine position with the hips and knees flexed and thigh abducted and rotated externally supported by the ankle

A

lithotomy

75
Q

it is position assumed in lying down, performed with the CR horizontal

A

decubitus

76
Q

a movement by which the angle of a joint is decreased

A

flexion

77
Q

a movement by which the angle of a joint is increased

A

extension

78
Q

forcible overflexion of a limb or part

A

hyperflexion

79
Q

extending a joint beyond the straight or neutral position

A

hyperextension

80
Q

movement toward the central axis

A

adduction

81
Q

movement away from the central axis

A

abduction

82
Q

occurs in the forearm whereby the palm is turned backwards

A

pronation

83
Q

occurs in the forearm whereby the palm is turned forwards

A

supination

84
Q

anterior movement of an anatomical part, particularly the scapula

A

protraction

85
Q

to turn or to bend the hand or wrist from the natural position toward the ulnar side

A

ulnar deviation

86
Q

to turn or to bend the hand or wrist from the natural position toward the radial side

A

radial deviation

87
Q

posterior movement of an anatomical part, particularly the scapula

A

retraction

88
Q

movement in an inferior direction

A

depression

89
Q

movement in a superior direction

A

elevation

90
Q

movement of foot towards the leg

A

dorsiflexion

91
Q

movement of the foot towards the
floor

A

plantarflexion

92
Q

movement of a limb in a circular manner

A

circumduction

93
Q

outward stress movement of the foot at the ankle joint

A

eversion

94
Q

inward stress movement of the foot as applied to the foot without rotation of the leg

A

inversion

95
Q

describes the bending of a part inward or toward the midline

A

varus

96
Q

describes bending of a part away from the midline; sometimes used to describe eversion stress

A

valgus

97
Q

the distance from the anode inside the x-ray tube to the IR

A

source to image receptor distance

98
Q

is an unnecessary movement of the part under study

A

motion

99
Q

3 types of muscular tissue that affect motion

A

smooth
cardiac
striated

100
Q

heat pulsation
chill
peristalsis
tremor
spasm
pain

A

smooth or involuntary muscles

101
Q

nervousness
discomfort
excitability
mental illness
fear
age
breathing

A

striated or voluntary muscles

102
Q

depresses the diaphragm and abdominal viscera, lengthens and expands the lung fields, elevates the sternum and pushes it anteriorly, and elevates the ribs and reduces their angle near the spine

A

inspiration or inhalation

103
Q

elevates the diaphragm and abdominal viscera, shortens the Lung fields, depresses the sternum, and lowers the ribs and Increases their angle near the spine

A

expiration or exhalation

104
Q

body cavity that is surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm; divided into right and left parts by a median structure called the mediastinum

A

thoracic cavity

105
Q

is bounded by the sternum anteriorly, lungs laterally and vertebral column posteriorly, contains all the thoracic structures except the lungs and pleura

A

mediastinum

106
Q

body cavity that is bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles and contains the stomach, liver, pancreas, peritoneum, intestines, spleen, kidneys etc

A

abdominal cavity

107
Q

body cavity that has a small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, part of large intestine and internal reproductive organs

A

pelvic cavity

108
Q

conditions that require an ______ in technical factors

pneumonia
pleural effusion
hydrocephalus
enlarged heart
edema
ascites

A

increase

109
Q

conditions that require a _______ in technical factors

old age
pneumothorax
emaciation
emphysema
atrophy
degenerative arthritis

A

decrease

110
Q

is the easiest and most convenient method of preventing the spread of microorganisms

A

handwashing

111
Q

is the term applied to a health professional’s moral responsibility and the science of appropriate conduct
toward others

A

ethics

POSITIONING & PROCEDURES (6 decks)

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