Lower Limb Flashcards
largest, longest, strongest bone in the body
femur
thigh/femur articulates with ___________ proximally and _________ & _________ distally
acetabulum - proximally
tibie & patella - distally
triangular sesamoid bone that protects knee joint and contained within patellar ligament
patella
it is a bone that receives the weight of body from femur and transmits to foot
second to femur in size and weight
tibia
tibia articulates with ______ proximally and distally
fibula
bone that doesnt bear weight and stabilize ankle joint
fibula
its function is to supports the weight of the body and acts as a lever to propel the body forward
foot
ankle bone
talus
heel bone
calcaneus
give the tarsals bone
talus
calcaneus
navicular
cuboid
medial, lateral and intermediate cuneiforms
it shows a tangential projection of the metatarsal head in profile and sesamoids
sesamoids free of any position of the 1st metatarsal
metatarsal heads
tangential projection - lewis and holly method
AP (dorsoplantar) projection of tarsal anterior to the talus, metatarsals and phalangess
used for localizing foreign bodies
determining the location of fragments in fractures of the metatarsals and anterior tarsals and performing general surveys of the bones of the foot
AP or PA axial projection
Structures shown
Interspaces between the following:
- the cuboid and the calcaneus;
- the cuboid and the fourth and fifth metatarsals;
- the cuboid and the lateral cuneiform; and
- the talus and the navicular bone
AP oblique projection - medial rotation
interspaces between the first and second metatarsals and between the medial and intermediate cuneiforms
AP oblique projection - lateral rotation
shows the entire foot in profile, the ankle joint, and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula
lateral projection - mediolateral
shows a true lateromedial projection of the foot, ankle joint and distal ends of the tibia and fibula
lateral projection - lateromedial
demonstrate a weight bearing AP axial projection of both feet permitting an accurate evaluation and comparison of the tarsals and metatarsals
AP axial projection - weight bearing method standing
__________ is called talipes equinovarus
clubfoot
_____ method with AP and lateral projections is used to demonstrate the anatomy of the foot and the bones or ossification centers of the tarsals and their relation to one another
kite method
deviation for plantar flexion and inversion of the calcaneus
equinus
deviation of medial displacement of the forefoot
adduction
deviation of elevation of the medial border of the foot
supination
Demonstrate the degree of adduction of the forefoot and the degree of inversion of the calcaneus
AP projection
the kite method ________ demonstrates the anterior talar subluxation and the degree of plantar flexion
lateral
shows an axial projection of the calcaneus
axial projection - plantodorsal
shows an axial projection of the calcaneus and the subtalar joint
axial projection dorsoplantar
demonstrate calcaneotalar coalition also known as coalition position
weight bearing coalition method
Shows a true lateral projection of the lower third of the tibia and fibula, the ankle joint, and the tarsals
lateral projection mediolateral
Shows a lateral projection of the lower third of the tibia and fibula, the ankle joint, and the tarsals.
lateral projection lateromedial
___________ rotation oblique projection is useful in
determining fractures and demonstrating the superior aspect of the calcaneus.
lateral
are usually obtained following inversion or eversion injury to verify the presence of ligamentous tear are usually obtained following inversion or eversion injury to verify the presence of ligamentous tear
AP stress study
_________ of a ligament is demonstrated by widening of the joint space on the side of the injury, when without moving or rotating the lower leg from supine position, the foot is forcibly turned towards the opposite side.
rupture
The entire ankle mortise joint should be demonstrated in profile.
The three sides of the mortise joint should be visualized.
mortise joint - ap oblique medial rotation
The resulting image shows the tibia, fibula, and adjacent joints
lateral projection mediolateral
_________, ________ and Siber recommended that a bilateral weight-bearing AP projection be routinely included in radiographic examination of arthritic knees because it reveals narrowing of the knee joint spaces that appears normal in the non-weight bearing study.
Leach, Gregg and Siber
is useful for evaluating
joint space narrowing and demonstrating articular cartilage disease.
The image is similar when radiographing the intercondyloid fossa.
PA weight bearing method
Shows the intercondyloid fossa of the femur and the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercle of the intercondylar eminence in profile.
It also states that the degree of flexion used widens the joint space between the femur and the tibia and gives improved image of the joint and surfaces of the tibia and femur.
PA axial projection - Holmblad methodd
Demonstrate an unobstructed projection of the intercondyloid fossa and the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercle of the intercondylar eminence.
PA axial camp coventry
shows the intercondylar fossa, intercondylar eminence and knee joint
AP axial - Beclere Method
__ projection of the patella provides sharper recorded detail than in the AP projection because of the closer object-to-image receptor distance
PA
shows subluxation of the patella and patella fractures and allows radiographic assessment of the femoral condyles
tangential hughston method
Because of the danger of fragment displacement by acute flexion of the knee required for this procedure, this projection should not be attempted until a transverse fracture of the patella has been ruled out with lateral image or if the patient is in pain
tangential projection - Settegast Method
Shows vertical fracture of the bone and the articulating surfaces of the patellofemoral articulations
Settegast Method
