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PDHPE > PRELIM The Body In Motion > Flashcards

PRELIM The Body In Motion Flashcards

0
Q

The joint where the humerus and clavicle meet.

A

Shoulder girdle or ball and socket joint.

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1
Q

What is the bone in the arm distal to the humerus and on the medial side called?

A

Ulna

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2
Q

Give anatomical name for shoulder blade.

A

Scapula.

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3
Q

Anatomical name for collar bone.

A

Clavicle.

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4
Q

Anatomical name for thigh bone.

A

Femur.

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5
Q

Anatomical name for wrist.

A

Carpal.

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6
Q

Anatomical name for breast bone.

A

Sternum.

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7
Q

Movement of the top of the foot away from lower leg.

A

Plantarflexion.

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8
Q

Moving body part towards the midline of the body.

A

Adduction.

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9
Q

Acts as a lubricant at a joint.

A

Synovial fluid.

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10
Q

Rotation of a joint so that the sole faces inwards.

A

Inversion.

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11
Q

SKILL-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define agility and state a test used to test the component.

A

The ability to move and change the position of your body quickly and efficiently.
Test used: shuttle run.

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12
Q

SKILL-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define power and state a test used to test the component.

A

Combination of muscular strength and speed.

Test used: standing long jump.

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13
Q

SKILL-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define coordination and state a test used to test the component.

A

The ability to perform a movement in a style which flows smoothly from one body part to the other. It involves the sense such as sight and hearing.
Test used: alternate ball catch.

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14
Q

SKILL-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define balance and state a test used to test the component.

A

The ability to keep your balance effectively.

Test used: stork stand test.

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15
Q

SKILL-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define reaction time and state a test used to test the component.

A

Refers to the time between receiving a signal to move and the start of the movement.
Test used: ruler reaction time test.

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16
Q

SKILL-RELATED COMPONENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define speed and state a test used to test the component.

A

The ability to move quickly.

Test used: 50m sprint.

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17
Q

HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define Cardiorespiratory endurance and state a test used to test the component.

A

The efficiency of the heart and lungs to push blood, oxygen and nutrients around the body.
Test used: beep test.

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18
Q

HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define Muscular Strength and state a test used to test the component.

A

The ability of the muscle to exert force.

Test used: how much weight can be lifted in one rep.

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19
Q

HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define muscular endurance and state a test used to test the component.

A

Allows the muscles to contract against a resistance for a set period of time without tiring.
Test used: Sit up and push up tests.

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20
Q

HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define Flexibility and state a test used to test the component.

A

Range of movement at a joint.

Test used: sit and reach test.

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21
Q

HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS.

Define body composition and state a test used to test the component.

A

Proportion of fat to lean body weight in the body.

Test used: BMI (body mass index) test.

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22
Q

FITT PRINCIPLE.

What does each letter stand for?

A

F- Frequency (how many times per week)
I- Intensity (how intense should the training be e.g. aerobic training should be 60-80% MHR)
T- Time (how long the training session should last for)
T- Type (e.g. continuous like walking, jogging, long distance cycling)

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23
Q

How do you calculate your maximum heart rate (MHR)?

A

220- age.

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24
Q

To improve aerobic fitness levels what % of MHR should be targeted?

A

60-80%
E.g. A 16 year old who wants to improve aerobic levels should have 3-5 sessions per week, 30-45 minutes per session and 60-80% of their MHR which is between 122bpm and 163bpm.

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25
Q

To improve aerobic levels how many sessions per week should you have?

A

3-5 sessions per week.

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26
Q

Why is the FITT principle used?

A

It is used by coaches and individuals to increases aerobic fitness levels. It acts as a guideline for people to follow.

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27
Q

What happens if you go past 80% of MHR?

A

Going over 80% of MHR enters you into the anaerobic threshold. This is when there is not enough oxygen to break down the carbs etc and results in the lactic acid system being used. This results in lactate forming, and the creation if a hydrogen ion from the lactate. The ion causes the PH level in the muscle to drop, causing it to become acidic and causing the muscle to not work as well as it should, therefore affecting performance.

28
Q

State the 5 synovial joints.

A 
Hinge joint. 
Ball and socket joint. 
Gliding joint. 
Saddle joint. 
Pivot joint n
29
Q

Describe and give an example of a hinge joint.

A

Hinge joint is a join that has the ability to perform flexion and extension. An example is the knee joint (the petala).

30
Q

Describe and give an example of a pivot joint.

A

Pivot joint allows rotation. An example is the neck with the axis and atlas.

31
Q

Describe and give an example of a saddle joint.

A

A saddle joint allows large amounts of movement and is small. An example is the thumb.

32
Q

Describe and give an example of the gliding joint.

A

The gliding joint allows movement from side to side. An example is the toes.

33
Q

Describe and give an example of a ball and socket joint.

A

The ball and socket joint allows wide range of movement and an example is the shoulders (shoulder girdle joint).

34
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe proximal.

A

Towards the trunk.

35
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe distal.

A

Away from the trunk.

36
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe superior.

A

Towards the head.

37
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe inferior.

A

Towards the feet.

38
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe anterior.

A

Towards the front.

39
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe posterior.

A

Towards the back.

40
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe lateral.

A

Away from the midline of the body.

41
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe medial.

A

Toward the midline of the body.

42
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe supine.

A

Laying with your back on the ground, chest facing up.

43
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS.

Describe prone.

A

Laying with your chest on the ground.

44
Q

Describe the job of a tendon.

A

Connecting muscle to bone.

45
Q

Describe the job of a ligament.

A

Connecting bone to bone.

46
Q

Describe the job of cartilage.

A

On the ends of bones for protection.

47
Q

Describe the job of synovial fluid.

A

Lubrication at a joint.

48
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe flexion.

A

Decreasing the angle between two bones.

49
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe extension.

A

Increasing the angle between two bones.

50
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe abduction.

A

Movement away from the midline of the body.

51
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe adduction.

A

Movement toward the midline of the body.

52
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe inversion.

A

Movement of the foot so the sole is facing inwards.

53
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe eversion.

A

Movement of the foot so the sole is facing outwards.

54
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe rotation.

A

Rotating or twisting at a joint.

55
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe circumduction.

A

Circular movement of a body part.

56
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe pronation.

A

Movement so that the palm of the hand faces downwards.

57
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe supination.

A

Movement so that the palm of the hand faces upwards.

58
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe dorsiflexion.

A

Pointing the foot upwards.

59
Q

JOINT ACTIONS.

Describe plantarflexion.

A

Pointing the foot downwards.

60
Q

Describe the term diastolic.

A

The phase of the heart when it relaxes, causing blood to flow into the heart.

61
Q

Describe the term systolic.

A

The phase of the heart when it contracts, causing blood to be pumped out of it.

62
Q

The valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle.

A

Bicuspid valve.

63
Q

The valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle.

A

Tricuspid valve.

64
Q

Define blood pressure.

A

The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels. Measured by being expressed as a fraction that represent systolic/diastolic. Measured with a sphygmomanometer.

65
Q

Summarise the journey of blood through the body.

A

Travels to the superior or inferior vena cava vein into the right atrium (it wants to get oxygenated) then when the atrium contracts it goes into the right ventricle in the tricuspid valve. Then it goes into the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery where it goes to collect oxygen which diffuses into the blood at the capillary alveoli membrane and then woo hoo! It’s oxygenated. Then goes along the pulmonary vein into the left atrium. When this contracts it goes into the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve and then it goes to the aorta which pumps it to arteries throughout the body then to arterioles and into the cells. Then back from the cells (blood is deoxygenated) and into the venules then veins then to the inferior or superior vena cava.

66
Q

Define pulmonary circulation.

A

Circulation of blood to and from the lungs.

67
Q

Define systemic circulation.

A

Circulation of blood to and from the rest of the body. Enters from the right atrium and leaves through the left ventricle.

68
Q

Define capillaries.

A

Walls that allow nutrients and oxygen to pass through, extremely small and thin. Link between arterioles and venules.

PDHPE (3 decks)

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