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214L > Prelim | Structure and Function of BV > Flashcards

Prelim | Structure and Function of BV Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiovascular system contributes to (1) of other body systems by (2) throughout the body to deliver materials and carry away wastes.

A
  1. homeostasis
  2. transporting and distributing blood
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2
Q

Formed a closed system of tubes that carries blood away from the heart, transports it to the tissues of the body, and then returns it to the heart.

A

Blood vessels

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3
Q

Carry blood away from the heart to other organs.

A

Arteries

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4
Q

Largest arteries in the body that has the largest diameter

A

Elastic arteries

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5
Q

Elastic arteries example

A

aorta
pulmonary trunk

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6
Q

Help propel blood onward while ventricles are relaxing.

A

Elastic arteries

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7
Q

Medium-sized arteries that contains more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers in their tunica media.

A

Muscular arteries

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8
Q

Muscular Arteries are capable of (1) and (2) to adjust the rate of blood flow.

A
  1. greater vasoconstriction
  2. vasodilation
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9
Q

Muscular arteries examples

A

Brachial artery in the arm
Radial artery in the forearm

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10
Q

Decrease in the diameter of the lumen of a blood vessel.

A

Vasoconstriction

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11
Q

Increase in the diameter of the lumen of a blood vessel.

A

Vasodilation

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12
Q

Abundant microscopic vessels that regulate the flow of blood into the capillary networks of the body’s tissues.

A

Arterioles

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13
Q

Arteriole: Literally meaning —-

A

small arteries

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14
Q

Arterioles are known as —

A

resistance vessels

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15
Q

Play a key role in regulating blood flow from arteries into capillaries by regulating resistance, the opposition to blood flow.

A

Arterioles

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16
Q

Vasoconstriction of arterioles (1) blood pressure

Vasodilation of arterioles (2) blood pressure.

A
  1. increases
  2. decreases
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17
Q

A microscopic channel that supplies blood to the tissues themselves

A

Capillary

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18
Q

A capillary is a microscopic channel that supplies blood to the tissues themselves, a process called —

A

Perfusion

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19
Q

Types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoids

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20
Q

The most common type of capillary and is found in almost all vascularized tissues.

A

Continuous

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21
Q

Characterized by a complete endothelial lining with tight junctions
between endothelial cells.

A

Continuous capillary

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22
Q

Has pores (or fenestrations) in addition to tight junctions in the endothelial lining.

A

Fenestrated capillary

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23
Q

Capillary permeable to larger molecules.

A

Fenestrated capillary

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24
Q

Least common type of
capillary

A

Sinusoid capillary

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25
Q

Flattened and have extensive intercellular gaps and incomplete basement membrane, in addition to intercellular clefts and fenestrations.

A

Sinusoid capillary

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26
Q

Drain the capilllary blood and begin the return flow of blood back toward the heart.

A

Venules

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27
Q

Types of venules

A

Postcapillary venule
Muscular venule

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28
Q

Initially receives blood from the capillaries

A

Postcapillary venule

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29
Q

Smallest venules and have loosely organized intercellular junctions.

A

Postcapillary venules

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30
Q

Function as the site of gas exchange of nutrients and wastes and white blood cell emigration

A

Postcapillary venules

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31
Q

Circularly arranged smooth muscle cells that have thicker walls across which exchanges with the interstitial fluid can no longer occur

A

Muscular venule

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32
Q

Convey blood from tissues back to the heart

A

Veins

33
Q

Types of Veins

A

Anastomotic Veins
Superficial veins
Deep veins

34
Q

Double sets of veins escort the arteries and connect with one another via venous channels

A

Anastomotic Veins

35
Q

veins within the subcutaneous layer unaccompanied by parallel arteries.

A

Superficial veins

36
Q

veins that travel between the skeletal muscle. They anastomose with the superficial veins

A

Deep veins

37
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR (CV) CENTER in the — helps regulate heart rate and stroke volume.

A

medulla oblongata

38
Q

Controls neural, hormonal, and local negative feedback systems that regulate BP and blood floow to specific tissues.

A

CV Center

39
Q

CV center controls (1), (2), and (3) that regulate BP and blood floow to specific tissues.

A
  1. neural
  2. hormonal
  3. local negative feedback systems
40
Q

The three main types of sensory receptors that provide input to the cardiovascular center

A
  1. Proprioceptors
  2. Baroreceptors
  3. Chemoreceptors
41
Q

Monitor movements of joints and muscles and provide input to the cardiovascular center during physical activity

A

Proprioceptors

42
Q

Monitor changes in pressure and stretch in the walls of blood vessels.

A

Baroreceptors

43
Q

Monitor the concentration of various chemicals in the blood.

A

Chemoreceptors

44
Q

Main blood vessels vs main vessels

A

Main blood vessels:
1. Arteries
2. Arterioles
3. Capillaries
4. Venules
5. Veins

Main vessels:
1. Arteries
2. Veins

45
Q

Blood circulations

A

Pulmonary
Systemic
Venous
Aortic

46
Q

Pulmonary circulation is mainly responsible for (1) and (2) to and from the heart.

A
  1. suppying oxygen
  2. releasing carbon dioxide
47
Q

Systemic circulation is mainly responsible for (1) and vice versa

A
  1. moving blood from the heart towards the cells of the body
48
Q

Systemic Circulation

A
  1. Coronary (cardiac) circulation
  2. Cerebral circulation
  3. Hepatic portal circulation
49
Q

A subdivision of systemic circulation which supplies the myocardium of the heart.

A

Coronary (cardiac) circulation

50
Q

Supplies blood to the brain

A

Cerebral circulation

51
Q

Extends from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver

A

Hepatic portal circulation

52
Q

Venous Circulation

A
  1. Coronary sinus
  2. SVC
  3. IVC
53
Q

Receives blood from other veins superior to the diaphragm.

A

SVC

53
Q

Receives blood from the cardiac veins and drains all the tissues of the heart.

A

Coronary sinus

54
Q

Regions being drained by SVC

A

head, neck, upper limbs, and thorax.

55
Q

Receives blood from veins inferior to the diaphragm.

A

IVC

56
Q

Regions involved in IVC

A

abdomen, pelvis, and
lower limbs.

57
Q

Aortic circulation

A

Ascending aorta
Arch of aorta
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta

58
Q

Portion of aorta that emerges from the left ventricle posterior to the pulmonary trunk.

A

Ascending aorta

59
Q

Descends at the level of the intervertebral disc between the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae.

A

Arch of aorta

60
Q

As the aorta continues to descend, it lies close to the vertebral bodies and is called —

A

Thoracic aorta

61
Q

It descends to the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra where it divides in two common iliac arteries which carry blood to the pelvis and lower limbs.

A

Abdominal aorta

62
Q

Choosing an appropriate site for venipuncture is crucial for a successful venipuncture.

A

Site selection

63
Q

Important considerations in selecting which vein to use.

A
  1. location
  2. size
  3. feel of the vein
64
Q

The (1) of the vein is usually the easiest from which to draw. However, do not draw at the point where (2) as there is a (3) at these junctures.

A
  1. widest, deepest part
  2. two veins join
  3. valve
65
Q

SITE SELECTION

It should be (1) in order for the (2) to flow easily.

A
  1. large
  2. contrast agent
66
Q

SITE SELECTION

The (1) is an ideal choice.
The (2) is a secondary choice.
The (3) is too close to arteries and veins to be a primary site. It can be used, but only with experienced supervision, usually a doctor.

A
  1. bend of the arm
  2. back of the hand
  3. wrist
67
Q

SITE SELECTION

The veins most often used for venipuncture are located in the —.

A

antecubital area

68
Q

Typically the order of choice in vein selection is as follows:

A

Median Vein
Cephalic Vein
Basilic Vein

69
Q

Usually the largest and fullest vein and is best anchored by the surrounding musculature of the arm.

A

Median vein

70
Q

Next largest and next better anchored by the surrounding musculature of the arm.

A

Cephalic vein

71
Q

Vein close to the brachial artery so there is more risk of hitting an artery

A

Basilic vein

72
Q

This area is often more sensitive, thus a stick is slightly more painful for the patient

A

Basilic vein

73
Q

Site Selection

When selecting a site, never use the arm with the following:

A
  1. Scarred areas
  2. Side of mastectomy
  3. Edomatous area
  4. Hematoma
  5. Blood transfusion/ dialysis
  6. Fistula/ graft
  7. Shunt
  8. Decreased sensation

SHE SSD BF

74
Q

Best insertion site for patient under 6 y/o

A

hand (dorsal. metacarpal veins)

75
Q

Best insertion site for patient 6 y/o and above

A

basilic/ cephalic vein

76
Q

Vein must be (1) (suitable for varied uses) and (2) (able to return to shape after being pressed).

A
  1. pliant
  2. resilient
77
Q

Characteristic of a vein:

A
  1. Large enough to receive the shaft of needle.
  2. Visible and palpable
  3. Vein should be intact (not damaged).
  4. The vein should not be thrombosed (stationary blood clot) or tortuous (complicated vein)
78
Q

CV center function

A

Regulate heart rate and stroke volume

214L (5 decks)

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