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CYTOGEN FINALS > PRELIM LEC 2: CELLS AND THE CELL CYCLE > Flashcards

PRELIM LEC 2: CELLS AND THE CELL CYCLE Flashcards

1
Q

Biological science of cell

A

CYTOLOGY

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2
Q

BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

A

CELL

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3
Q
  • body cells
  • have 2 copies of the genome
  • DIPLOID (46 chromosomes)

A STEM CELLS
B GERM CELLS
C SOMATIC CELLS

A

C SOMATIC CELLS

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4
Q
  • sperm and egg cells
  • have 1 copy of the genome
  • HAPLOID (23 chromosomes)
    -1 set of chromosomes.
  • Return to diploid state through FERTILIZATION.

A STEM CELLS
B GERM CELLS
C SOMATIC CELLS

A

B GERM CELLS

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5
Q
  • diploid cells that divide to give the rise to different cells
  • enable a body to develop, grow, and repair damage.

A STEM CELLS
B GERM CELLS
C SOMATIC CELLS

A

A STEM CELLS

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6
Q

The sum of all chemical reactions.

  • Can be ANABOLISM or CATABOLISM.
  • Happens in the MITOCHONDRIA
A

METABOLISM

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7
Q
  • variety of cell types and surrounding materials protect, support, bind to cells,
    and fill spaces throughout the body;
  • include cartilage, bone, blood, and fat

A NERVOUS
B MUSCLE
C EPITHELIUM
D CONNECTIVE TISSUES

A

CONNECTIVE TISSIUES

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8
Q
  • Tight cell layers form linings that protect,
  • secrete, absorb, and excrete

A NERVOUS
B MUSCLE
C EPITHELIUM
D CONNECTIVE TISSUES

A

C EPITHELIUM

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9
Q
  • Cells contract, providing movement

A NERVOUS
B MUSCLE
C EPITHELIUM
D CONNECTIVE TISSUES

A

B MUSCLE

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10
Q
  • Neurons transmit information as electrochemical impulses that coordinate movement and also sense and respond to environmental stimuli

A NERVOUS
B MUSCLE
C EPITHELIUM
D CONNECTIVE TISSUES

A

A NERVOUS

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11
Q

support and nourish neurons

A

NEUROGLIA

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12
Q

MAJOR DOMAINS OF LIFE

  • Single celled (prokaryotes).
  • Lives and strive in HOT PLACES (THERMOPHILIC) can be at the bottom of the sea

A BACTERIA
B ARCHAEA
C EUKARYA

A

B ARCHAEA

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13
Q

MAJOR DOMAINS OF LIFE

Prokaryotic cells, No nucleus.

A BACTERIA
B ARCHAEA
C EUKARYA

A

A BACTERIA

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14
Q

MAJOR DOMAINS OF LIFE

this group includes single-celled organisms that have nuclei, as well as all multicellular organisms (fungi, plants, animals, humans and others)

A BACTERIA
B ARCHAEA
C EUKARYA

A

C EUKARYA

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15
Q

major macromolecules that make up cells and that cells use as fuel are

A

CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS

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16
Q
  • provide energy and contribute to cell structure

A CARBOHYDRATES
B PROTEINS
C LIPIDS
D NUCLEIC ACIDS

A

A CARBOHYDRATES

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17
Q

form the basis of some hormones, form
membranes, provide insulation
- Used for insulation, keeping the right temperature
- and for energy storage, performed by ADIPOSE TISSUE

A CARBOHYDRATES
B PROTEINS
C LIPIDS
D NUCLEIC ACIDS

A

C LIPIDS

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18
Q
  • enable blood to clot
  • form the contractile fibers of muscle cells (ACTIN & MYOSIN)
  • form the bulk of the body’s connective tissues (collagen)

A CARBOHYDRATES
B PROTEINS
C LIPIDS
D NUCLEIC ACIDS

A

B PROTEINS

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19
Q
  • Most important to the study of genetics (DNA & RNA)
  • translate information from past generations into specific collections of proteins that give a cell its characteristics.

A CARBOHYDRATES
B PROTEINS
C LIPIDS
D NUCLEIC ACIDS

A

D NUCLEIC ACIDS

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20
Q
  • are especially important proteins because they facilitate, or catalyze, biochemical reactions so that they occur fast enough to sustain life.
  • speed specific chemical reactions by lowering the “activation energy” required to start the
A

ENZYMES

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21
Q

Present is small amounts

A

MICROMOLECULES

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22
Q

MICROMOLECULES

 Energy production
 Antioxidant defense
 DNA synthesis and repair
 Cellular communication
 Immune function
 Cellular structure and integrity

A

VITAMINS AND MINERALS

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23
Q

PROBLEMS IN METABOLISM
- Genetic diseases result from deficient/absent of enzymes that affect major types of biomolecules

A

INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM

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24
Q

PROBLEMS IN METABOLISM
(carbohydrates)

 Lacks enzyme lactase, which breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

A LACTASE DEFICIENCY/LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
B FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
C MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE (MSUD)
D LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME

A

LACTASE DEFICIENCY/LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

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25
Q

PROBLEMS IN METABOLISM
(LIPIDS)

  • Genetic defect, which resulted to inability to metabolize cholesterol.
  • LDL – Low Density Lipoproteins (Bad cholesterol) accumulates in the blood vessel

A LACTASE DEFICIENCY/LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
B FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
C MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE (MSUD)
D LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME

A

FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

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26
Q

PROBLEMS IN METABOLISM
(LIPIDS)

 Deficiency of HGPRT
 Inability to recycle purines, which are part of nucleic acids that are found in nucleotides.
 Purine turns into uric acid if not recycled.
 It crystalizes in the urine, resulting to kidney stones.
 It also accumulates in the joints causing gout arthritis.

A LACTASE DEFICIENCY/LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
B FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
C MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE (MSUD)
D LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME

A

LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME

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27
Q

 Inability of the liver to control the excess copper that the digestive tract absorbed from the food such as meat, leafy vegetables and guts.
 Accumulates in the liver, which cause hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver).
 KAYSER-FLEISCHER RING
GREEN/YELLOW RING IN THE EYE ring in the eye (cornea) which are the deposits of excess copper

A

WILSON DISEASE

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28
Q

CELL ORGANELLES
- most prominent organelle of most cells

  • contains DNA complexed with many proteins to form chromosomes.
  • genetic headquarters
A

NUCLEUS

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29
Q

CELL ORGANELLES

surrounds the nucleus.

A

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

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30
Q

CELL ORGANELLES
- Biochemicals can exit or enter the nucleus through

  • are rings of several types of proteins around an opening, like lined portholes in a ship’s side
A

NUCLEAR PORES

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31
Q

CELL ORGANELLES
- On the inner face of the nuclear membrane is a layer of fibrous material called the ___

  • not just an inert covering, but turns off the expression of genes that contact it from within.
  • also provides mechanical support and holds the nuclear pores in place.
A

NUCLEAR LAMINA

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32
Q

CELL ORGANELLES
- - Inside the nucleus is an area that appears darkened under a microscope, called the ____

  • here, ribosomes are produced
A

NUCLEOLUS

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33
Q

CELL ORGANELLES
- The fluid in the nucleus, minus these contents, is called _______

A

NUCLEOPLASM

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34
Q

CELL ORGANELLES
-cytoplasm is also called ____ when other cellular components are removed

A

CYTOSOL

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35
Q
  • is the release of a substance from a cell, illustrates one way that organelles function together.

A ENERGY PRODUCTION
B SECRETION
C DIGESTION

A

B SECRETION

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36
Q

the epithelial cells found in the breast are called____ that form tubules, into which they secrete the components of milk

A

LACTOCYTES OR MILK CELLS

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37
Q

a lack of the enzyme lactase

A

LACTASE DEFICIENCY

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38
Q
  • a type of transport of molecules between cells uses vesicles
  • bud from one cell and then travel to, merge with, and empty their contents into other cells.
  • are only 30 to 100 nanometers (billionths of a meter) in diameter.
  • remove debris, transport immune system molecules, and provide a vast communication network among cells.
A

EXOME

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39
Q
  • (“bodies that cut”) handle the garbage.
  • are membrane-bounded sacs that contain enzymes that dismantle bacterial remnants, worn-out organelles, and other material such as excess cholesterol
  • TRASH CENTERS
  • fuse with vesicles carrying debris from outside or within the cell, and the lysosomal enzymes then degrade the contents.
A

LYSOSOMES

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40
Q

The cell’s disposing of its own trash is called

A

AUTOPHAGY (eating self)

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41
Q

a type of vesicle that forms from the plasma membrane, called an _________,

ferries extra low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to lysosomes.

A

ENDOSOMES

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42
Q

Cells called _________ that move about and engulf bacteria have many lysosomes.

Liver cells require many lysosomes to break down cholesterol, toxins, and drugs.

A

MACROPHAGES

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43
Q

All lysosomes contain ____ types of digestive enzymes, which must be maintained in balance.

A

43

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44
Q

Absence or malfunction of an enzyme causes a __________, in which the molecule that the missing or abnormal enzyme normally degrades accumulates.

A

LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASE

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45
Q

In __________, an ENZYME IS DEFICIENT THAT NORMALLY BREAKS DOWN LIPIDS IN THE CELLS THAT SURROUND THE NERVE CELLS. As the nervous system becomes buried in lipid, the infant begins to lose skills, such as sight, hearing, and mobility.

A

TAY-SACHS DISEASE

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46
Q
  • are sacs with single outer membranes
    that are studded with several types of proteins and that HOUSE ENZYMES THAT PERFORM A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS
  • The enzymes catalyze reactions that break down certain lipids and rare biochemicals, synthesize bile acids used in fat digestion, and detoxify compounds that result from exposure to oxygen free radicals.
  • are large and abundant in LIVER and KIDNEY CELLS, which handle toxins.
A

PEROXISOMES

47
Q

The ________– recounted the true story of a child with adrenoleukodystrophy (caused by an absent peroxisomal enzyme)

  • A type of lipid called a very-long-chain fatty acid buildup in Lorenzo’s brain and spinal cord.
A

1992 film Lorenzo’s Oil

48
Q

Early symptoms of ALD (ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY)

A

LOW BLOOD SUGAR
SKIN DARKENING
VISUAL LOSS
ALTERED BEHAVIOR AND COGNITION
IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT

49
Q
  • provide energy by breaking the chemical bonds that hold together the nutrient

molecules in food.

  • contain a small amount of DNA different in sequence from the DNA in the nucleus
A

MITOCHONDRIA

50
Q

__________ for ALD is being tested on newborns who have the disease.

A

GENE THERAPY

51
Q

A mitochondrion has an outer membrane similar to those in the ER and Golgi apparatus and an inner membrane that forms folds called ____
- hold enzymes that catalyze the biochemical reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules.

A

CRISTAE

52
Q

A major symptom of diseases that affect mitochondria is _____

A

FATIGUE

53
Q
  • Membrane network; rough ER has ribosomes, smooth ER does not
  • Site of protein synthesis and folding; lipid synthesis
A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

54
Q
  • Stacks of membrane-enclosed sacs
  • Site where sugars are made and linked into starches or joined to lipids or proteins; proteins finish folding; secretions stored
A

GOLGI APPARATUS

55
Q
  • Two membranes; inner membrane enzyme-studded
  • Releases energy from nutrients
A

MITOCHONDRIA

56
Q
  • Porous, double-membraned sac containing DNA
  • Separates DNA within cell
A

NUCLEUS

57
Q
  • Two associated globular subunits of RNA and protein
  • Scaffold and catalyst for protein synthesis
A

RIBOSOME

58
Q

-Membrane-bounded sac

  • Temporarily stores or transports substances
A

VESICLE

59
Q
  • completely surrounds the cell and monitors the movements of molecules in and out.
A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

60
Q
  • A biological membrane has a distinctive structure. It is is a double layer (bilayer) of molecules called ______
  • is a fat molecule with attached phosphate groups.
  • depicted as a head with two parallel

tails,

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

61
Q

The phosphate end of a phospholipid is attracted to water, and thus is _______

A

HYDROPHILIC (water loving)

62
Q

the other end of the phospholipid, which consists of two chains of fatty acids, moves away from water, and is therefore ______

A

HYDROPHOBIC (water fearing)

63
Q

The hydrophobic surfaces face each other on the inside of the bilayer, away from water, and block entry and exit to most substances that dissolve in water. However, certain molecules can cross the membrane through proteins that form passageways, or when temporarily joined to a ______

A

CARRIER PROTEIN

64
Q
  • are diseases that stem from faulty ion channels.
A

CHANNELOPATHIES

65
Q

In a cellular communication process

  • a series of molecules that are part of the plasma membrane form pathways that DETECT SIGNALS FROM OUTSIDE THE CELL and transmit them inward, where yet other molecules orchestrate the cell’s response.

A SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
B CELL ADHESION

A

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

66
Q

In a cellular communication process

  • the plasma membrane HELPS CELLS ATTACH TO CERTAIN OTHER CELLS. These cell-to-cell connections are important in forming tissues.

A SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
B CELL ADHESION

A

CELL ADHESION

67
Q
  • is a MESHWORK/MADE OF PROTEINS RODS AND TUBULES that SERVES AS THE CELL’S ARCHITECTURE, positioning organelles and providing overall three-dimensional shapes.
A

CYTOSKELETON

68
Q
  • cytoskeletal elements that POWER THE MOVEMENT OF ORGANELLES along these
  • rails as they convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.
A

MOTOR MOLECULES

69
Q

3 Major types of elements of Cytoskeleton

  • They are distinguished by protein type, diameter, and how they aggregate into larger structures.
A

MICROTUBULES
MICROFILAMENTS
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

70
Q
  • composed of pairs (dimers) of a protein, called tubulin, assembled into a hollow tube.
  • Adding or removing tubulin molecules changes the length of the _____.
  • maintain cellular organization and enable transport of substances within the cell.

A MICROTUBULE
B INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT
C MICROFILAMENT

A

A MICROTUBULES

71
Q

Abnormal microtubules cause several ____________ diseases.

For example, they may prevent neurotransmitters from reaching the synapses between neurons or between neurons and muscle cells.

A

NEURODEGENERATIVE

72
Q

Microtubules form hairlike structures called __, from the Latin meaning “cells’ eyelashes”

A

CILIA

73
Q

2 types of cilia

  • cilia that MOVE
  • have one more pair of microtubules than primary microtubules.
  • generates a wave that moves the cell or propels substances along its surface.
  • pass inhaled particles up and out of respiratory tubules and move egg cells in the female reproductive tract.

A MOTILE CILIA
B PRIMARY CILIA

A

A MOTILE CILIA

74
Q

2 types of cilia

  • cilia that DO NOT MOVE but serve a sensory function.
  • serve as antennae
  • sense light entering the eyes, urine leaving the kidney tubules, blood flowing from vessels in the heart, and pressure on cartilage.
  • they stimulate some cells to move, such as those that form organs in an embryo, and cells that HELP WOUNDS TO HEAL

A MOTILE CILIA
B PRIMARY CILIA

A

B PRIMARY CILIA

75
Q

The coordinated motion of many cilia moving a substance resembles ________

A

CROWD SURFING

76
Q

One such ciliopathy—“sick cilia disease” is _______ syndrome, which causes:
- obesity
- visual loss
- diabetes
- cognitive impairment
- extra fingers and/or toes.

There are several types of this syndrome and the condition affects both motile and primary cilia.

A

BARDET - BIEDL

77
Q
  • are long, thin rods composed of many molecules of the protein actin.
  • solid and narrower than microtubules, enable cells to withstand stretching and compression, and help anchor one cell to another.

A MICROTUBULE
B INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT
C MICROFILAMENT

A

C MICROFILAMENT

78
Q

Absence of primary cilia can harm health, such as in ___________

A

POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE

79
Q

The actin part of the cytoskeleton is abnormal in ___________ and in some diseases of heart muscle.

A

ALZHEIMER DISEASE

80
Q
  • have diameters intermediate between those of microtubules and microfilaments
  • are composed of different types of proteins in different cell types.
  • consist of paired proteins entwined to form nested coiled rods.
  • scarce in many cell types but are abundant in nerve cells and skin cells

A MICROTUBULE
B INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT
C MICROFILAMENT

A

B INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT

81
Q

divide the DNA and the rest of the cell,

A

MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

82
Q
  • a form of cell death.
  • is a Greek word for “leaves falling from a tree.”
A

APOPTOSIS

83
Q

An adult human body consists of about ________ cells, and billions are replaced daily.

A

30 TRILLION

84
Q

A series of events called that describes the sequence of activities as a cell prepares for and undergoes division.

A

CELL CYCLE

85
Q

Cell numbers increase from ______ and decrease from _______

A

MITOSIS, APOPTOSIS

86
Q

2 MAJOR STAGE OF CELL CYCLE

A

INTERPHASE
MITOSIS

87
Q
  • In _____, a cell duplicates its chromosomes
  • maintains the set of 23 chromosome pairs characteristic of a human somatic
A

MITOSIS

88
Q

In _______, it apportions one set of chromosomes, along with organelles, into each of two resulting cells, called daughter cells.

A

CYTOKINESIS

89
Q

Another form of cell division that PRODUCES SPERM OR EGGS, which have HALF the amount of genetic material that somatic cells do

A

MEIOSIS

90
Q

Inability to control the cell cycle may result to the abnormal increase of amount of cells, resulting to cancer.

A

CONTROL OF THE CELL CYCLE

91
Q
  • Ensures that the mitotic events occur in the correct sequence.
  • Checks if cell is capable in dividing.
A

CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS

92
Q

 Located at the end of the Gap 1
 Checks if nutrients are already adequate in the cell.

A G1 CHECKPOINT
B G2 CHECKPOINT
C SPINDLE ASSEMBLY CHECKPOINT (MITOTIC CHECKPOINT)
D APOPTOSIS CHECKPOINT

A

G1 CHECKPOINT

93
Q

 Located at the end of the Gap 2
 Checks if DNA has damage.
 If damaged, it will proceed to the

A G1 CHECKPOINT
B G2 CHECKPOINT
C SPINDLE ASSEMBLY CHECKPOINT (MITOTIC CHECKPOINT)
D APOPTOSIS CHECKPOINT

A

G2 CHECKPOINT

94
Q

G2 CHECKPOINT
______________: Wherein, cell will undergo cell death or force death.

A G1 CHECKPOINT
B G3 CHECKPOINT
C SPINDLE ASSEMBLY CHECKPOINT (MITOTIC CHECKPOINT)
D APOPTOSIS CHECKPOINT

A

APOPTOSIS CHECKPOINT

95
Q

 Located at the end of prophase.
 Checks if spindle is formed and if chromosomes are attached on the spindle.
 If cells are aligned on the equator

A G1 CHECKPOINT
B G2 CHECKPOINT
C SPINDLE ASSEMBLY CHECKPOINT (MITOTIC CHECKPOINT)
D APOPTOSIS CHECKPOINT

A

SPINDLE ASSEMBLY CHECKPOINT (MITOTIC CHECKPOINT)

96
Q

CELLS OBEY AN ______________
 Highly regulated manner
 Limits the cell division
 MAMMALIAN CELL (CULTURED): 40-60 times division
 CONNECTIVE CELLS FROM A FETUS: 50 or more times division since the cells from the fetus is still developing.
 ADULTS: 14-29 times

A

INTERNAL “CLOCK”

97
Q
  • chromosome tips, to know how many cell division remains
  • Functions like a cellular phases that burns down as pieces are lost in the ends
A

TELOMERES

98
Q

 In each mitosis, chromosomes lose ___________ endmost bases (telomeres) making it shorter each time.

A

50 - 200

99
Q

Mitosis stops after approximately
____________ divisions.

A

50 divisionS

100
Q

If there are no telomeres, there will be __________

A

TELOMERASE (enzyme)

101
Q

 Undifferentiated cells, has the ability to develop into specialized cell types and regenerate/replace tissues.

A

STEM CELLS

102
Q

STEM CELLS
___________ : Has the ability to continue the lineage of cells that can divide to give rise to another cell life or itself. Stem cell then making another stem cell.

A

SELF - RENEWAL

103
Q

 Might be developed to stem cell
 Limited ability to differentiate in specific cell type
 Not capable of self-renewal

A

PROGENITOR

104
Q

FERTILIZED OVUM (TOTIPOTENT)

A

ULTIMATE STEM CELL

105
Q

DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL OF STEM CELLS AND PROGENITOR CELLS

Gives rise to every cell type.
Ex. Stem cell

A TOTIPOTENT
B PLURIPOTENT
C MULTIPOTENT

A

A TOTIPOTENT

106
Q

DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL OF STEM CELLS AND PROGENITOR CELLS

Daughter cell have fewer possible fates. Ex. Only connective tissue

A TOTIPOTENT
B PLURIPOTENT
C MULTIPOTENT

A

B PLURIPOTENT

107
Q

DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL OF STEM CELLS AND PROGENITOR CELLS

– Most specific, few developmental “choices.” Ex. Only nervous tissue

A TOTIPOTENT
B PLURIPOTENT
C MULTIPOTENT

A

C MULTIPOTENT

108
Q

STEM CELLS TO DEVELOP TREATMENTS FOR A VARIETY OF DISEASES AND INJURIES
SOURCES:
 Inner cell mass of every early embryo; somatic cell nuclear transfer into egg.
 Through performing IVF
 Capable of giving rise to every cell type
 Totipotent
 Faces ethical issues.

A EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
B INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL
C ADULT STEM CELL

A

A EMBRYONIC STEM CELL

109
Q

STEM CELLS TO DEVELOP TREATMENTS FOR A VARIETY OF DISEASES AND INJURIES
SOURCES:
 Genes or other chemicals reprogram
 Cell reprogram, revert, implant, infusion.
 Somatic cell in the nucleus
 No embryos required

A EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
B INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL
C ADULT STEM CELL

A

B INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL

110
Q

STEM CELLS TO DEVELOP TREATMENTS FOR A VARIETY OF DISEASES AND INJURIES
SOURCES:
 Somatic cells that normally function as stem cells
 Sources: Bone marrow, skin, and some parts of the brain.
 Bone marrow develops into blood cells
 Multipotent

A EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
B INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL
C ADULT STEM CELL

A

C ADULT STEM CELL

111
Q

STEM CELL APPLICATIONS

  • Determine drugs possible side-effects through testing stem cells instead using animals
    -cultures supply the human cells that are affected in a particular disease
  • Liver and heart cells derived from stem cells are particularly useful in testing drugs for side effects, because the liver detoxifies many drugs, and many drugs harm the heart.

A DRUGS DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT
B OBSERVATION OF EARLIEST SIGNS OF A DISEASE

C CREATION OF TISSUES AND ORGANS FOR USE IN IMPLANTS OR TO STUDY BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT

D CREATION OF PS CELLS

A

A DRUGS DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT

112
Q

STEM CELL APPLICATIONS

  • Early diagnosis
  • which may begin long before symptoms are noted.
  • The first disease for which human iPS cells were derived was amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease

A DRUGS DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT

B OBSERVATION OF EARLIEST SIGNS OF A DISEASE

C CREATION OF TISSUES AND ORGANS FOR USE IN IMPLANTS OR TO STUDY BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT

D CREATION OF PS CELLS

A

B OBSERVATION OF EARLIEST SIGNS OF A DISEASE

113
Q

STEM CELL APPLICATIONS

  • Regrowth of tissue
  • to create tissues and organs for use in implants and transplants, or to study

A DRUGS DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT

B OBSERVATION OF EARLIEST SIGNS OF A DISEASE

C CREATION OF TISSUES AND ORGANS FOR USE IN IMPLANTS OR TO STUDY BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT

D CREATION OF PS CELLS

A

C CREATION OF TISSUES AND ORGANS FOR USE IN IMPLANTS OR TO STUDY BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT

CYTOGEN FINALS (11 decks)

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