PRELIM CCH WEEK 1 Flashcards
OSHA means
Occupational safety and health administration
CLSI means old name is NCCLS
Clinical and laboratory standard institute
National committee for clinical laboratory standard
CDC means
Center for disease control and prevention
CAP means
College of american pathologists
TJC means
The joint commission
within the U.S. Department of Labor to set levels of safety and health for all workers in the United States.
OSHA
A nonprofit organization that sets voluntary consensus standards for all areas of clinical laboratories
CLSI
A Federal agency that carries out mandated public health laws and reporting requirements.
CDC
Provides accreditation and proficiency testing for laboratories.
CAP
An independent, not-for-profit organization that accredits and certifies health-care organizations and programs in the United States.
TJC
Each professional must be “_____________“a tall times!
Safety conscious
Chemical
Source:
Possible injury:
S: preservatives and reagent
PI: exposure to toxic, carcinogenic, caustic agent
Sharps
Source:
Possible injury:
S: needles, lancets, and broken glasses
PI: cuts, puncture, blood borne
Electrical
Source:
Possible injury:
S: ungrounded, wet equipment, frayed cord
PI: electric shock
Fire/explosive
Source:
Possible injury:
S: bunsen burner and organic chemicals
PI: burns dismemberment
Physical
Source:
Possible injury:
S: wet floor, heavy box and patient
PI: falls, strain or sprain
Radiation
Source:
Possible injury:
S: equipment and radioisotopes
PI: exposure radiation
Biological
Source:
Possible injury:
S: infection agent
PI: bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic
includes pathogens on the hands of medical personnels, invasive procedures (intubation, indwelling vascular lines, urine catheterization)
Iatrogenic risk factor
contaminated air- conditioning systems, contaminated water systems, staffing and physical layout of the facility
Organizational risk factor
severity of illness, underlying state of the patient and length of stay
Patient risk factor
Blood and body fluid precautions should be
consistently used for all patients
Universal precautions by CDC
Potentially infectious materials:
- Body fluids: semen, vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, saliva, tears, CSF, urine and breast milk
- Unfixed tissues, organs or blood slides
Universal Practices:
- Wearing of glovesàreusing is not allowed
- Handwashing
- Laboratory coatsàon site
- Prohibited: eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, touching contact lenses
Safety showers must deliver _____ - ______ galloon per. ________ and at ___ - ______ pounds per square
30-50 galloon : minute ; 20-50 (psi)
Eyewash station must be access within ______ ft or ____sec (travel)
100ft or 10 sec
required to expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemical reagents
Fume hood
Face Velocity Velocity meter _____ – ______ft. per minute
100-120 ft
to locate no flow or turbulent areas in the working space
Smoking test
remove particles that may be harmful to the employee who is working with potentially infectious biologic specimens
Biosafety cabinet
OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens standard requires written
Exposure control plan
daily exposure to blood and body fluids
Category 1
regular exposure to blood and body fluids
Category 2
no exposure to blood and body fluids
Category 3
Employers must offer HBV to all personnel
Category 1 & 2
Voluntary hazard rating scheme developed by
American coating association
Voluntary hazard rating scheme developed by American Coatings Association (ACA)
Hazardous materials identification system
Communicates chemical hazard information through the use of colors, numbers and letters of the alphabet
Hazardous materials identification system
HMIS
target:
Label shaped:
Health hazard:
White section:
T: employee and workers
LS: bar shaped
HH: acute and chronic health hazard
WS: recommends PPE
NFPA
target:
Label shaped:
Health hazard:
White section:
T: emergency personnel
LS: diamond shaped
HH:only acute health hazard
WS: other special hazard
Hazards: Flammable, Pyrophoric, Self-heating, Emits, Flammable Gas, Self-reactive
Organic peroxides
General Meaning: These chemicals burn or can release gases that burn.
Caution: Keep away from flames, sparks and sources of heat
Flame
Hazards: Explosives Self-reactive Organic Peroxides
General Meaning: These chemicals can explode
Caution: Avoid impact vibration, friction, sparks, fire and exposure to heat
Exploding bomb
Hazard: Oxidizers
General Meaning: These chemicals give off oxygen and can make a fire spread.
Caution: Avoid all contact with flammable substances
Flame over circle
Hazards:
Gases under pressure
General Meaning: Gases and liquids under pressure can explode. This pictogram is used for both pressurized gases and liquefied gases such as liquid nitrogen.
Gas cylinder
Hazards: Skin corrosion/burns Eye Damage Corrosive to Metals
General Meaning: These chemicals cause permanent damage to skin or eyes. These chemicals destroy metals.
Caution: Take special measures to avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing
Corrosion/caustic effect
Hazard: Acute Toxicity
General Meaning: These chemicals are poisons that quickly cause sickness or death. A toxin may attack one or more parts of the body, such as the liver, kidneys, nerves, lungs, skin, eyes, or bone.
Caution: Avoid contact with the human body
Skull and cross bone
Hazards: Irritant (skin and eye), Skin Sensitizer, Acute Toxicity (harmful), Narcotic Effects, Respiratory Tract Irritant, Hazardous to Ozone Layer
General Meaning: These chemicals cause health problems. Usually less toxic than chemicals labeled with with the Health Hazard or Skull and Cross-bone pictograms. This pictogram is also used for chemicals that can destroy the ozone layer.
Caution: Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Do not inhale vapors.
Exclamation mark
Hazards: Carcinogen Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Respiratory Sensitizer Target Organ Toxicity Aspiration Toxicity
General Meaning: These chemicals cause serious health problems. Some problems show up immediately, but some may show up much later.
Caution: Avoid contact with the human body
Health hazard
Hazards: Aquatic Toxicity
General Meaning: These chemicals are dangerous if they get into rivers, lakes or oceans.
Environment
Classified according to flash pointàthe temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air
Flammable/combustible chemicals
injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts if inhaled or ingested
Corrosive chemical
spontaneously explode or ignite or that evolve heat or flammable or explosive gases
Reactive chemicals
PASS means in fire extinguishers
P- pull pin
A- aim nozzle
S- sqeeze trigger
S- sweep nozzle
Class a
Color:
Shape:
Used:
C: green
S: triangle
U: solid
Class b
Color:
Shape:
Used:
C: red
S: square
U: liquids
Class c
Color:
Shape:
Used:
C: blue
S: circle
U: electrical
Class d
Color:
Shape:
Used:
C:yellow
S: star
U: metals
Class k
Color:
Shape:
Used:
C: black
S: hexagon
U: cooking oil
requires that all health-care institutions post evacuation routes and detailed plans to follow in the event of a fire
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
Race means in fire
R- rescue
A- alarm
C- contain
E- extinguish or exit
most widely used cryogenic fluids (liquefied gases) in the laboratory
Liquid nitrogen
must be balanced to distribute the load equally.
Centrifuge
help eliminate bumping/boilover when liquids are heated
Glass beads
disposed in OSHA-approved containers
Infectious sharps
Completely remove the hazard from the workplace or the process, thus eliminating the risk entirely.
Elimination
Replace the hazardous material, process, or equipment with a safer alternative.
Substitution
Implement physical modifications to the workplace or equipment to isolate workers from the hazard or reduce exposure.
Engineering control
Develop and implement safety policies, procedures, and training to reduce the likelihood of exposure to hazards.
Administrative control
Provide workers with appropriate PPE, such as gloves, respirators, or protective clothing, to protect against the identified hazard.
Personal protective equipment
4 Basic Waste Disposal Technique
Flushing down the drain
Incineration
Landfill burial
Recycling
