- Wearing of glovesàreusing is not allowed - Handwashing - Laboratory coatsàon site - Prohibited: eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, touching contact lenses

PRELIM CCH WEEK 1 Flashcards by Loui Mojica

OSHA means

Occupational safety and health administration

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CLSI means old name is NCCLS

Clinical and laboratory standard institute
National committee for clinical laboratory standard

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CDC means

Center for disease control and prevention

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CAP means

College of american pathologists

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TJC means

The joint commission

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within the U.S. Department of Labor to set levels of safety and health for all workers in the United States.

OSHA

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A nonprofit organization that sets voluntary consensus standards for all areas of clinical laboratories

CLSI

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A Federal agency that carries out mandated public health laws and reporting requirements.

CDC

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Provides accreditation and proficiency testing for laboratories.

CAP

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An independent, not-for-profit organization that accredits and certifies health-care organizations and programs in the United States.

TJC

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Each professional must be “_____________“a tall times!

Safety conscious

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Chemical
Source:
Possible injury:

S: preservatives and reagent
PI: exposure to toxic, carcinogenic, caustic agent

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Sharps
Source:
Possible injury:

S: needles, lancets, and broken glasses
PI: cuts, puncture, blood borne

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Electrical
Source:
Possible injury:

S: ungrounded, wet equipment, frayed cord
PI: electric shock

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Fire/explosive
Source:
Possible injury:

S: bunsen burner and organic chemicals
PI: burns dismemberment

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Physical
Source:
Possible injury:

S: wet floor, heavy box and patient
PI: falls, strain or sprain

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Radiation
Source:
Possible injury:

S: equipment and radioisotopes
PI: exposure radiation

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Biological
Source:
Possible injury:

S: infection agent
PI: bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic

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includes pathogens on the hands of medical personnels, invasive procedures (intubation, indwelling vascular lines, urine catheterization)

Iatrogenic risk factor

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contaminated air- conditioning systems, contaminated water systems, staffing and physical layout of the facility

Organizational risk factor

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severity of illness, underlying state of the patient and length of stay

Patient risk factor

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Blood and body fluid precautions should be
consistently used for all patients

Universal precautions by CDC

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Potentially infectious materials:

Body fluids: semen, vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, saliva, tears, CSF, urine and breast milk
Unfixed tissues, organs or blood slides

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Universal Practices:

Wearing of glovesàreusing is not allowed
Handwashing
Laboratory coatsàon site
Prohibited: eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, touching contact lenses

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Safety showers must deliver _____ - ______ galloon per. ________ and at ___ - ______ pounds per square

30-50 galloon : minute ; 20-50 (psi)

Eyewash station must be access within ______ ft or ____sec (travel)

100ft or 10 sec

required to expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemical reagents

Fume hood

Face Velocity Velocity meter _____ – ______ft. per minute

100-120 ft

to locate no flow or turbulent areas in the working space

Smoking test

remove particles that may be harmful to the employee who is working with potentially infectious biologic specimens

Biosafety cabinet

OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens standard requires written

Exposure control plan

daily exposure to blood and body fluids

Category 1

regular exposure to blood and body fluids

Category 2

no exposure to blood and body fluids

Category 3

Employers must offer HBV to all personnel

Category 1 & 2

Voluntary hazard rating scheme developed by

American coating association

Voluntary hazard rating scheme developed by American Coatings Association (ACA)

Hazardous materials identification system

Communicates chemical hazard information through the use of colors, numbers and letters of the alphabet

Hazardous materials identification system

HMIS target: Label shaped: Health hazard: White section:

T: employee and workers LS: bar shaped HH: acute and chronic health hazard WS: recommends PPE

NFPA target: Label shaped: Health hazard: White section:

T: emergency personnel LS: diamond shaped HH:only acute health hazard WS: other special hazard

Hazards: Flammable, Pyrophoric, Self-heating, Emits, Flammable Gas, Self-reactive Organic peroxides General Meaning: These chemicals burn or can release gases that burn. Caution: Keep away from flames, sparks and sources of heat

Flame

Hazards: Explosives Self-reactive Organic Peroxides General Meaning: These chemicals can explode Caution: Avoid impact vibration, friction, sparks, fire and exposure to heat

Exploding bomb

Hazard: Oxidizers General Meaning: These chemicals give off oxygen and can make a fire spread. Caution: Avoid all contact with flammable substances

Flame over circle

Hazards: Gases under pressure General Meaning: Gases and liquids under pressure can explode. This pictogram is used for both pressurized gases and liquefied gases such as liquid nitrogen.

Gas cylinder

Hazards: Skin corrosion/burns Eye Damage Corrosive to Metals General Meaning: These chemicals cause permanent damage to skin or eyes. These chemicals destroy metals. Caution: Take special measures to avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing

Corrosion/caustic effect

Hazard: Acute Toxicity General Meaning: These chemicals are poisons that quickly cause sickness or death. A toxin may attack one or more parts of the body, such as the liver, kidneys, nerves, lungs, skin, eyes, or bone. Caution: Avoid contact with the human body

Skull and cross bone

Hazards: Irritant (skin and eye), Skin Sensitizer, Acute Toxicity (harmful), Narcotic Effects, Respiratory Tract Irritant, Hazardous to Ozone Layer General Meaning: These chemicals cause health problems. Usually less toxic than chemicals labeled with with the Health Hazard or Skull and Cross-bone pictograms. This pictogram is also used for chemicals that can destroy the ozone layer. Caution: Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Do not inhale vapors.

Exclamation mark

Hazards: Carcinogen Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Respiratory Sensitizer Target Organ Toxicity Aspiration Toxicity General Meaning: These chemicals cause serious health problems. Some problems show up immediately, but some may show up much later. Caution: Avoid contact with the human body

Health hazard

Hazards: Aquatic Toxicity General Meaning: These chemicals are dangerous if they get into rivers, lakes or oceans.

Environment

Classified according to flash pointàthe temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air

Flammable/combustible chemicals

injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts if inhaled or ingested

Corrosive chemical

spontaneously explode or ignite or that evolve heat or flammable or explosive gases

Reactive chemicals

PASS means in fire extinguishers

P- pull pin A- aim nozzle S- sqeeze trigger S- sweep nozzle

Class a Color: Shape: Used:

C: green S: triangle U: solid

Class b Color: Shape: Used:

C: red S: square U: liquids

Class c Color: Shape: Used:

C: blue S: circle U: electrical

Class d Color: Shape: Used:

C:yellow S: star U: metals

Class k Color: Shape: Used:

C: black S: hexagon U: cooking oil

requires that all health-care institutions post evacuation routes and detailed plans to follow in the event of a fire

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

Race means in fire

R- rescue A- alarm C- contain E- extinguish or exit

most widely used cryogenic fluids (liquefied gases) in the laboratory

Liquid nitrogen

must be balanced to distribute the load equally.

Centrifuge

help eliminate bumping/boilover when liquids are heated

Glass beads

disposed in OSHA-approved containers

Infectious sharps

Completely remove the hazard from the workplace or the process, thus eliminating the risk entirely.

Elimination

Replace the hazardous material, process, or equipment with a safer alternative.

Substitution

Implement physical modifications to the workplace or equipment to isolate workers from the hazard or reduce exposure.

Engineering control

Develop and implement safety policies, procedures, and training to reduce the likelihood of exposure to hazards.

Administrative control

Provide workers with appropriate PPE, such as gloves, respirators, or protective clothing, to protect against the identified hazard.

Personal protective equipment

4 Basic Waste Disposal Technique

Flushing down the drain Incineration Landfill burial Recycling