PRELIM: 6 Flashcards
A _______ is an aqueous solution containing substances that prevent major changes in solution pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it.
buffer
In healthy individuals, the pH of blood falls within the narrow range of ______________
7.35–7.45
____________ results from higher than normal level of CO2 in the blood
Respiratory acidosis
used in a laboratory setting to maintain optimum pH conditions for chemical reactions.
buffer
____________ results from lower than normal levels of CO2 in the blood.
Respiratory alkalosis
caused by lung diseases such as emphysema and asthma or obstructed air passages
Respiratory acidosis
____________ results from lower than normal levels of HCO3- ion in the blood.
Metabolic acidosis
______________ results from higher than normal levels of HCO3- in the blood.
Metabolic alkalosis
Causes include hysteria and anxiety (brought on, for example, by chemistry exams) and a high fever.
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Low CO2
Respiratory acidosis
High CO2
Metabolic acidosis
Low HCO3-
Metabolic alkilosis
Hight HCO3-
The ______________________ equation indicates that if there is more A- than HA in a solution
Henderson Hasselbalch equation
Aqueous solutions in which ions are present are good conductors of electricity, and the greater the number of ions present, the better the solution conducts electricity
Electrolytes
A ____________ is a substance whose aqueous solution does not conduct electricity.
nonelectrolyte
Electrolytes can be divided into two groups:
strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes.
Strong vs Weak Electrolytes
A strong electrolyte is a substance that completely (or almost completely) ionizes/dissociates into ions in aqueous solution. Strong electrolytes produce strongly conducting solutions. A weak electrolyte is a substance that incompletely ionizes/dissociates into ions in aqueous solution
________is the main component of any type of body fluid
Water
Do not dissociate in water: (3)
Sugar
Alcohol
Oil
Fully dissociate in water: (3)
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium chloride
Hydrochloric acid
Incompletely dissociate in water: (3)
Water
Acetic acid
Ammonia
a major factor in controlling water movement, is directly related to electrolyte concentration gradients.
Osmotic pressure
What is the pH of a buffer solution that is 0.6 M in acetic acid (HC2H3O2) and 1.5 M in sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2)? The pKa for acetic acid is 4.74.
Ans:
