prelim

Question 1

made up of fat and glandular tissue, with nerves, arteries and veins, and connective tissue that provides the support structure

Answer 1

breast

Question 2

It develops at puberty and is sited on the __ overlying the __ between the ___ ribs vertically and from the sternum medially to the mid axillary line laterally.

Answer 2

anterior chest wall, pectoralis major, 2nd to 6th

Question 3

The glandular component of the breast develops from the

Answer 3

ectoderm

Question 4

____ groups of ectodermal cells grow into the underlying mesoderm (dermis) during the __ week of gestation.

Answer 4

15-20, 12th week

Question 5

male breast development, condition arises as a response to hormonal imbalances which can occur at puberty or in later life as a result of disease, medication, recreational drug use or excessive alcohol consumption

Answer 5

gynaecomastia

Question 6

occurs when fat is deposited on the anterior chest wall under the nipple areolar complex and looks very similar outwardly to true gynaecomastia

Answer 6

pseudogynaecomastia

Question 7

Once fully developed the breast is ‘tear drop’ shaped.
Externally the breast comprises of:

Answer 7

• The nipple *
  The areolar
• Skin
• Inframammary Fold
• Montgomery’s Glands (Tubercles)

Question 8

Internally the breast comprises of:

Answer 8

• Glandular Tissue – 15–20 lobes
• Lactiferous Ducts
• Lactiferous Sinuses (Ampullae)
• Terminal Ductal Lobular Units
• Adipose Tissue (TDLU)
• Superficial Fascia
• Deep Fascia
• Retromammary Space
• Cooper’s Ligaments
• Blood vessels

Question 9

concerned with milk production

Answer 9

glandular component, first part

Question 10

all the other tissues that make up and support the breast. These include fat, fascia (connective tissue), and muscles.

Answer 10

second part

Question 11

Breast tissue extends into the low axilla as a triangular shaped projection – this portion of the breast is called

Answer 11

the axillary tail or ‘Tail of
Spence’

Question 12

where milk is produced and stored during lactation

Answer 12

acini

Question 13

These are drained by a network of small ducts (____) which come together to form a single duct draining each lobule (____).

Answer 13

intralobular ducts

Question 14

dilate just under the nipple to form the lactiferous sinus or ampulla and then narrow and terminate at the surface of the nipple

Answer 14

lactiferous ducts

Question 15

The skin overlying the breast is typically ___ in
thickness.

Answer 15

0.5-2.0mm

Question 16

The superficial fascia is covered by a layer of adipose tissue thick and is attached to the skin by the Cooper’s Ligaments which pierce the fat.

Answer 16

2–2.5 cm thick

Question 17

MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY

Answer 17

A. Lactiferous duct
B. Lobules
C. Cross section of lactiferous duct
D. Nipple
E .Adipose tissue
F. Pectoralis major muscle
G. Chest wall / ribs
H. Cooper’s ligaments
I. Retromammary space
J. Skin
K. Inframammary fold

Question 18

The nipple promontory is surrounded by a circular area of pigmented skin called

Answer 18

areolar

Question 19

lies between the deep fascia of the breast and the fascia of the pectoralis major muscle and is filled by loose connective tissue.

Answer 19

retromammary space

Question 20

sited around, but not on the nipple, and are transitional between sweat and lactiferous glands. They lubricate the nipple during lactation and are visible as small bumps on the areolar.

Answer 20

montgomery’s glands

Question 21

lower border of the breast
where the breast tissue meets the chest wall.

Answer 21

inframammary fold

Question 22

The acini and ducts are made up of three layers:

Answer 22

✓ * Basement Membrane
✓ * Myoepithelial Layer
✓ * Epithelial Lining .

Question 23

____ layer is usually only one cell thick but if this becomes two or three cells thick it is called _____

Answer 23

epithelial, hyperplasia

Question 24

The blood supply to the breast skin comes from the subdermal plexus, which is in communication
with deeper underlying vessels supplying the breast
parenchyma

Answer 24

Arterial Supply

Question 25

mainly through the axillary vein, with some through the internal mammary and thoracic veins.

Answer 25

venous drainage

Question 26

begins in a perilobular plexus sited in the connective tissue stroma of the breast, lymphatic fluid flows from here alongside the lactiferous ducts into a subareolar plexus; Sappey’s Plexus.

Answer 26

lymphatic drainage

Question 27

lie lateral to the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle and can extend into the axillary tail

Answer 27

level 1

Question 28

lie beneath the pectoralis minor muscle

Answer 28

level 2

Question 29

lie medially and superiorly to the pectoralis minor muscle up to the clavicle

Answer 29

level 3