pathology

Question 1

term used to describe a cancer that starts in the lining layer (epithelial cells) of organs like the breast

Answer 1

breast cancer

Question 2

Most are the type of carcinoma that starts in glandular tissue called

Answer 2

adenocarcinoma

Question 3

benign (non-cancerous) breast
condition in which the lobules (milk-producing glands) are enlarged, and there are more glands than usual. It is often found in biopsies of women who have fibrosis or cysts in their breasts

Answer 3

Adenosis

Question 4

special type of adenosis in which the enlarged lobules are distorted by scar-like tissue. This type may cause breast pain.

Answer 4

Sclerosing adenosis

Question 5

transformation of breast epithelial cells into an apocrine or sweat‐gland type of cells, often occurs in the peripheral parenchyma, particularly among premenopausal women and it is usually associated with gross cysts in fibrocystic breast disease, the most common non cancerous disease of the breast

Answer 5

Apocrine metaplasia

Question 6

benign (not cancer) condition. They’re one of the most common causes of a breast lump and candevelop in either one or both breasts. It’s thought they develop naturally as the breast changes with age due to normal changes in hormone levels

Answer 6

Breast Cysts

Question 7

two common, closely related, non-cancerous conditions that often develop together in the breast

Answer 7

Columnar cell change and Columnar cell hyperplasia

Question 8

nonneoplastic alteration characterized by spherules of basement membrane material surrounded by myoepithelial cells

Answer 8

Collagenous spherulosis

Question 9

• also known as mammary ____, is a benign (non-cancerous) breast condition that occurs when a milk duct in the breast widens and its walls thicken

Answer 9

Duct Ectasia

Question 10

pathological entity encountered when breast biopsies are done for investigation of punctate or amorphous calcifications. ____ involves the terminal ductal and lobular units (TDLU’s).

Answer 10

Columnar alteration with prominent apical snouts and secretions (CAPSS)

Question 11

benign (noncancerous), wart-like tumors that grow within the milk ducts of the breast. They are made up of gland tissue along with fibrous tissue and blood vessels (called fibrovascular tissue)

Answer 11

Intraductal Papilloma’s of the Breast

Question 12

• occurs when one breast has a different size, volume, position, or form from the other.
• common abnormality seen on mammogram results

Answer 12

breast asymmetry

Question 13

one of the condition that cause breast asymmetry

Answer 13

juvenile hypertrophy

Question 14

• condition in which the nipple is pulled inward into the breast instead of pointing outward
• aka niple inversion, nipple retraction, or invaginated nipple, although some observers distinguish these two variations

Answer 14

inverted nipples

Question 15

• tissue is a relatively common congenital condition in which abnormal accessory breast tissue is seen in addition to the presence of normal breast tissue.
• can be found anywhere along the thoracoabdominal region of the milk line (the embryologic mammary streak) but are most frequently found in the axilla and may occur bilaterally.

Answer 15

Accessory breast tissue

Question 16

• come in different shapes and sizes. Normal breast tissue can sometimes feel lumpy.

Answer 16

lumps

Question 17

can be a sign of a serious form of cancer known as inflammatory breast cancer.

Answer 17

dimpling

Question 18

dimpling of the breast causes the skin to look like the pitting and uneven skin of an orange. Sometimes, the skin can also be
red and inflamed.

Answer 18

peau d’orange

Question 19

can be described as tenderness, throbbing, sharp, stabbing, burning pain or tightness in the breast tissue.

Answer 19

mastalgia, breast pain

Question 20

• swelling caused by a build-up of fluid in the body’s tissues.
• is a long-term condition, which means that once it has developed it can be controlled but is unlikely to ever go away completely.

Answer 20

Lymphoedema

Question 21

Breast Changes During Your Lifetime That Are Not Cancer

Answer 21

1. Before or during your menstrual periods
2. During pregnancy
3. As you approach menopause
4. If you are taking hormones
5. After menopause

Question 22

DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CARCINOMA

Answer 22

1. Mammography
2. Ultrasound
3. MRI
4. Biopsy
5. Laboratory Test