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MarCom > Prelim > Flashcards

Prelim Flashcards

1
Q

a worldwide coordinated maritime distress system designed to provide the rapid transfer of distress messages from vessels in distress to units best suited for providing or coordinating assistance

A

GMDSS

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2
Q

provides a link between SAR authorities ashore and shipping in the immediate vicinity of a vessel in distress or in need of assistance so that both land and sea resources can assist in coordinated SAR operations with minimal delay

A

GMDSS

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3
Q

Year of first used of Morse code for distress and safety telecommunications

A

1844

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4
Q

Reason why the need for ship and coast radio stations to have and use radiotelegraph equipment, and to listen to a common radio frequency for Morse encoded distress calls, was recognized

A

sinking of the liner RMS Titanic in the North Atlantic in 1912

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5
Q

Range on the medium frequency (MF) distress band of the radiotelegraph equipment in 1844

A

500 kHz

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6
Q

When did IMO commence a study of maritime satellite communication

A

1972

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7
Q

Who prescribed shipboard radio communication?

A

1974 SOLAS Convention

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8
Q

According to 1974 SC, Passenger ship all size and cargo ship of 1600 tons gross tonnage are required to carry what?

A

Morse telegraphy system on 500 kHz
Morse qualified radio officer

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9
Q

Ships required to carry Morse telegraphy system on 500 kHz and Morse qualified radio officer

A

Passenger ship all size and cargo ship of 1600 tons gross tonnage

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10
Q

1974 SC: Cargo ship of 300 tons gross tonnage and over are required to carry?

A

radiotelephony system on 2182 kHz
radiotelephony system on 156.8 MHz

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11
Q

Ships required to carry radiotelephony system on 2182 kHz & radiotelephony system on 156.8 MHz

A

Cargo ship of 300 tons gross tonnage and over

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12
Q

Date of adoption of the International convention on maritime search and rescue (SAR)

A

1979

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13
Q

All ships constructed after this date to be fitted with Radar transponder & Two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus for survival craft

A

Feb 1, 1992

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14
Q

Date of all ships to be fitted with NAVTEX receiver & Satellite EPIRB

A

Aug 1, 1993

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15
Q

○ All ships constructed before Feb 1, 1992 to be fitted with:
◆ Radar Transponder
◆ Two-way VHF Radio Telephony for survival craft
○ All ships to be fitted with:
◆ at least one radar capable of operating in the 9GHz band

A

Feb 1, 1995

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16
Q

fully implementation of GMDSS appropriate requirements

A

Feb 1, 1999

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17
Q

Dedicated frequencies are made available for maritime communications operating in the VHF, HF and MF radio bands.

A

DSC

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18
Q

DSC allows for three things to be displayed or printed on receipt of a distress call

A

name of the vessel
nature of the distress
last recorded position

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19
Q

Satellite networks provide a full range of communication services which covers all general communication requirements as well as distress and safety requirements

A

Satellite Communications System

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20
Q

What does MSI include?

A

meteorological and navigation warnings
meteorological forecasts
other urgent safety related messages of vital importance to all ships at sea

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21
Q

includes all meteorological and navigation warnings, meteorological forecasts, other urgent safety related messages of vital importance to all ships at sea

A

MSI

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22
Q

Information in MSI is broadcasted by

A

MF Telex (NAVTEX)
Satellite or HF Telex

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23
Q

For local MSI, info is broadcasted by

A

MF Telex (NAVTEX)

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24
Q

For Long Range MSI, info is broadcasted by

A

Satellite or HF Telex

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25
Q

done through INMARSAT (Geostationary Satellite System using L Band EPIRBs) & COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar Orbiting Satellite System using 406 MHz)

A

EPIRB System

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26
Q

Inmarsat for EPIRB system has what type of EPIRB?

A

L Band EPIRBs

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27
Q

Cospas-Sarsat has what type of EPIRB?

A

406 MHz EPIRBs

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28
Q

– connected to the ship’s navigation system and is provided continuously with an updated position

A

L Band EPIRBs

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29
Q

– mounted on the bridge and on the outside bulkhead of the bridge structure

A

L Band EPIRBs

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30
Q

– can be operated manually or if there is not sufficient time to operate the EPIRB, it is designed to break free of the vessel when it sinks and upon reaching the surface will transmit automatically

A

L Band EPIRBs

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31
Q

provides full global coverage

A

COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar Orbiting Satellite System using 406 MHz)

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32
Q

uses doppler frequency shift techniques to establish the vessels position

A

COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar Orbiting Satellite System using 406 MHz)

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33
Q

some of it have an interface with the ship’s navigation system which enables them to pass their position directly

A

COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar Orbiting Satellite System using 406 MHz)

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34
Q

What is the freq of the signal facility that is provided on most COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRBs?

A

121.5 MHz

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35
Q

provides a homing signal for searching aircraft

A

121.5 MHz signal facility

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36
Q

a portable radar transponder which is designed to provide a locating signal

A

Search and rescue transponder system (SART)

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37
Q

designed to be carried in survival craft

A

Search and rescue transponder system (SART)

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38
Q

when a 9 GHz radar interrogates it, it will provide a signal which will be displayed on the searcher’s radar as a series of twelve dots indicating the course to steer to intercept the transponder

A

Search and rescue transponder system (SART)

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39
Q

What SOLAS Chapter & Regulation indicate that Ships while at sea must be able to Transmit and Receive?

A

SOLAS Chapter IV Regulation 4

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40
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting ship-to-shore distress alerts by at least two independent means, each using a different radio communication service”.

A

Ship-to-Shore Distress Alerts

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41
Q

Three basic means of transmitting a distress alert

A

EPIRB
DSC
Inmarsat

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42
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of receiving shore-to-ship distress alerts”

A

Shore-to-Ship Distress Alerts

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43
Q

Shore-to-Ship Distress Alerts may be fulfilled by

A

means of direct broadcast to vessels from a shore based Rescue Coordination Centre

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44
Q

What do RCCs used to directly broadcast to vessels in shore-to-ship distress alerts?

A

DSC using the MF, HF or VHF frequency bands
Inmarsat C SafetyNET Service
Navtex Services

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45
Q

a satellite-based worldwide maritime safety information broadcast service of high seas weather warnings

A

Inmarsat C SafetyNET Service

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46
Q

an international, automated system for instantly distributing maritime safety information (MSI) which includes navigational warnings, weather forecasts and weather warnings, search and rescue notices and similar information to ships

A

Navtex Services

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47
Q

Transmission of ship-to-ship distress alerts can only be accomplished by two methods

A

VHF Channel 16 or 13
DSC on either MF, HF, or VHF

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48
Q

VHF Channel 16 is a channel for

A

Distress, Safety and Calling

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49
Q

VHF Channel 13 is for

A

Bridge-to-Bridge Communications

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50
Q

The purpose of this requirement is to coordinate search and rescue (SAR) communications between all vessels and aircraft that may be involved in the incident

A

SAR Coordinating Communications

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51
Q

SAR Coordinating Communications’ transmission/reception of

A

Maritime Safety Information
NAVTEX or SafetyNET
Voice communications using MF/HF or VHF or Inmarsat

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52
Q

The purpose of this requirement is to coordinate search and rescue (SAR) and other communications between all vessels and aircraft that may be involved at the scene of the incident

A

On-scene Communications

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53
Q

Voice communications using MF/HF or VHF

A

On-scene Communications

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54
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and as required by regulation V/ 12(g) and (h), receiving signals for locating”

A

Locating Signals

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55
Q

Equipment used for receiving under Locating Signals

A

9 GHz Radar or X Band Radar

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56
Q

Equipment used for transmitting under Locating Signals

A

SART(Search and Rescue Radar Transponder)

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57
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving maritime safety information”.

A

Marine Safety Information

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58
Q

Equipment used for reception by terrestrial communication under Marine Safety Information

A

NAVTEX

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59
Q

Equipment used for transmission/reception by satellite communication under Marine Safety Information

A

SafetyNET

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60
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving general radio communications to and from shore-based radio systems or networks subject to regulation 15(8)”

A

General Radio Communications to and from shore

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61
Q

General communications may be carried out utilizing

A

DSC to set up a telephone or telex link on MF/HF or VHF
The Inmarsat network

62
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving bridge-to-bridge communications”

A

Bridge-to-Bridge Communications

63
Q

What do ships would normally use to carry out Bridge-to-Bridge Communications?

A

VHF communications

64
Q

Normal use of Bridge-to-Bridge Communications is for

A

port operations and pilotage

65
Q

For longer range under Bridge-to-Bridge Communications

A

MF/HF or Inmarsat

66
Q

How are bridge-to-Bridge Communications set up using MF/HF?

A

DSC

67
Q

defined by governments

A

GMDSS Sea Area

68
Q

GMDSS Sea Area serves two purposes

A

to describe areas where GMDSS services are available
to define what GMDSS ships must carry

69
Q

Prior to GMDSS, ships had to carry the number and type of radio safety equipment depending on

A

tonnage

70
Q

With GMDSS, ships have to carry the number and type of radio safety equipment depending on

A

the areas in which they travel

71
Q

A1 Range and Equipment

A

20 to 50 M, VHF DSC

72
Q

A2 Range and Equipment

A

50 to 400M, VHF + MF

73
Q

A3 Range and Equipment

A

70° N to 70° S, VHF + MF + One Inmarsat

74
Q

A4 Range and Equipment

A

Above 70° N or S, HF + MF + VHF

75
Q

a worldwide ship reporting system for search and rescue

A

AMVER

76
Q

What does AMVER mean

A

Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System

77
Q

maritime name for an Inmarsat shore-based station linking ship earth station with terrestrial communication network

A

Coast Earth Station (CES)

78
Q

a satellite system designed to detect distress beacon transmitting on the frequencies 121.5MHz and 406 MHz

A

Cospas-Sarsat System

79
Q

a geographical point, line or area used as a reference in search planning

A

Datum

80
Q

a technique using digital codes which enables a radio station to establish contact with and transfer information to another station or group of stations

A

DSC

81
Q

notification by any means that a distress situation exist and assistance is needed

A

Distress Alert

82
Q

aeronautical distress beacon for alerting and transmitting homing signals

A

Emergency Locator Transmitter

83
Q

devices usually carried aboard maritime craft that transmit a signal that alert search and rescue authorities and enable rescue units to locate the scene of the distress

A

EPIRB

84
Q

distress alert initiated for other than an appropriate test by communications equipment intended for alerting when no distress situation actually exists

A

False Alarm

85
Q

distress alert received from any source, including communications equipment intended for alerting when no distress situation actually exist and a notification of distress should not have resulted

A

False Alert

86
Q

a system of geostationary satellites for worldwide mobile communication services and support of the GMDSS and other emergency communication system

A

Inmarsat

87
Q

spoken international distress signal repeated three times

A

MAYDAY

88
Q

evacuation of a person for medical reasons

A

MEDEVAC

89
Q

Medical Advice

A

MEDICO

90
Q

exchange of medical information and recommended treatment for sick or injured persons where treatment cannot be administered directly by prescribing medical personnel

A

MEDICO

91
Q

automated telegraphy as used by the NAVTEX system and telex-over-radio

A

Narrow Band Direct Printing (NBDP)

92
Q

the system for the broadcast and automatic reception of maritime safety information by means of narrow band direct-printing telegraphy

A

Navigation Telex Radio (NAVTEX)

93
Q

the search area or the actual distress site

A

On-scene

94
Q

a person designated to coordinate search and rescue operation within a specified area

A

On-scene Coordinator (OSC)

95
Q

the international radiotelephony urgency signal

A

PANPAN

96
Q

when repeated three times, indicates uncertainty or alert followed by nature of urgency

A

PANPAN

97
Q

an operation to retrieve persons in distress, provide for their initial medical or other needs and deliver them to a place of safety

A

Rescue

98
Q

a plan for rescue operation normally prepared by the SMC for implementation by the OSC and facilities on scene

A

Rescue Action Plan

99
Q

a unit responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and for coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operation within a search and rescue region

A

Rescue Coordination Center (RCC)

100
Q

a unit subordinate to a rescue coordination center established to complement the latter according to particular provisions of the responsible authorities

A

Rescue Sub-Center

101
Q

a service of Inmarsat Enhanced Group call (EGC) system specifically designed for promulgation of Maritime Safety Information (MSI) as a part of the GMDSS

A

SafetyNet

102
Q

an operation, normally coordinated by a rescue coordination center or rescue sub-center, using available personnel and facilities to locate persons in distress

A

Search

103
Q

the officially temporary assigned to coordinate response to an actual or apparent distress situation

A

Search and Rescue Mission Coordinator (SMC)

104
Q

an area of defined dimensions, associated with a rescue coordination center, within which search and rescue services are provided

A

Search and Rescue Region (SRR)

105
Q

a unit composed of trained personnel and provided with equipment suitable for the expeditious conduct of search and rescue operations

A

Search and Rescue Unit (SRU)

106
Q

a survival craft transponder that, when activated, sends out signal automatically when a pulse from a nearby radar reaches it

A

Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)

107
Q

a joint publication of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and IMO

A

IAMSAR

108
Q

What does IAMSAR stand for?

A

International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue manual

109
Q

IAMSAR purpose

A

to assist States in meeting their own SAR need and fulfilling obligations accepted under the International convention

110
Q

How many Vols does IAMSAR have

A

3

111
Q

IAMSAR Vol 1

A

Organization and Management

112
Q

IAMSAR Vol 2

A

Mission Coordination

113
Q

IAMSAR Vol 3

A

Mobile Facilities

114
Q

IAMSAR Vol 1 Purpose

A

discusses global SAR system concept, establishment and improvement of national and regional SAR system, and cooperation with neighbouring nations to provide effective and economical SAR services

115
Q

IAMSAR Vol 2 Purpose

A

to assist personnel who plan and coordinate SAR operations and exercises

116
Q

IAMSAR Vol 3 Purpose

A

to assist vessels and aircraft with performance of search, rescue, or on-scene coordinator function and with aspects of SAR that pertain to their own emergencies

117
Q

Primary User IAMSAR Vol 1

A

SAR System Managers

118
Q

Primary User IAMSAR Vol 2

A

Rescue Co-ordination Centers (RCCs) and Rescue Sub-centers (RSCs)

119
Q

Primary User IAMSAR Vol 3

A

Rescue units, civil aircraft and vessels

120
Q

Vol 3 is intended to be carried aboard rescue units, aircrafts and vessels to help:

A

Performance of SAR duties as support members
OSC (On-scene coordinator) functions
SAR aspects involving their own emergencies

121
Q

Purpose of carrying the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual for Mobile Facilities (IAMSAR Volume III) on-board vessels

A

To provide guidance to those who:
○ Operate aircraft, vessels or other craft, and who may be called upon to use the facility to support SAR operation
○ May need to perform on-scene coordinator function for multiple facilities in the vicinity of a distress situation
○ Experience actual or potential emergencies, and may require Search and Rescue (SAR) assistance

122
Q

When two or more SAR facilities are working together on the same mission, how many people may be needed to co-ordinate the activities of all participating facilities

A

1

123
Q

Who designates an OSC who may be the person in charge of a Search and rescue unit (SRU), ship, or aircraft participating in a search and Nearby facility in a position to handle OSC duties?

A

SMC

124
Q

The SMC designates an OSC who may be the person in charge of a

A

Search and rescue unit (SRU), ship, or aircraft participating in a search
Nearby facility in a position to handle OSC duties

125
Q

Who will normally assume the OSC function until the SMC arranges for that person to be relieved

A

person in charge of the first facility to arrive at the scene

126
Q

most vital factor in Helicopter Operations

A

Communication

127
Q

What does the ship’s officer do with the Helicopter team well in advance before the operation?

A

Ship’s officer must establish proper communication

128
Q

During such communications the officer on board must clarify

A

The Course to be steered and the Speed to be maintained by the ship during the
operation
Intended Position of helicopter operation
ETA to the Position
Desired Landing or Winching Area

129
Q

Who should keep a good radio watch on VHF CH 16 til the operation is terminated?

A

OOW

130
Q

What should the OOW keep til the operation is terminated?

A

a good radio watch on VHF CH 16

131
Q

For safe helicopter operations on board vessels what shall be done

A

Effective communication between the vessel and the helicopter before and during operations.

The strength of helicopter landing area should be ensured with documentation provided by the owner of the vessel.

The winching area should also be determined in order to ensure that the helicopter could approach and hover safely without obstructions.

Finally, there should be ensured that the necessary equipment is effective and well maintained, ready to be used if needed.

132
Q

Vessel’s crew should help operations and more specifically they should

A
  1. Remove all loose objects from the operating area, as well as all aerials, standing or running rears that should be lowered and secured
  2. Ensure that there is the proper communication between the deck party and the bridge
  3. Hoist a pennant to be seen by helicopter’s pilot and in case of night operations they should ensure that the correct lighting has been switched on
  4. Ensure that fire hoses, foam hoses, dry powder fire extinguishers are ready for use
  5. Be ready and properly dressed and a rescue party should be detailed
133
Q

What should should be established between ship and helicopter for Winching Operations?

A

direct radio link

134
Q

How does a direct radio link usually accomplished?

A

by having the helicopter equipped with a marine VHF FM radio able to transmit and receive on at least Channel 16 and preferably on two other simplex working frequencies

135
Q

Operating areas on vessels should be located on the main deck and, if practicable, arranged on both port and starboard sides

A
  1. The operating areas consist of an outer maneuvering zone and an inner clear zone
  2. Whenever possible, the clear zone should be close to the ship’s side
  3. Any amount of the maneuvering zone may extend outboard but none of the clear zone may do so.
136
Q

Describe the helicopter markings on vessels

A

They are aiming circles with an H painted in white for landing or a circle with an inner circle painted yellow for winching only

137
Q

Markings with an aiming circle with H painted in white are for

A

Landing

138
Q

Circle with an inner circle painted yellow are for

A

Winching only

139
Q

Max height of obstacle in maneuvering zone for winching

A

3 m

140
Q

There shall be what on obstacle height for winching

A

No restriction

141
Q

Minimum distance of clear zone

A

5 meters

142
Q

Minimum distance/diameter for maneuvering zone

A

30 m

143
Q

a brief discussion about the safety aspects and operational details of helicopter-ship operations

A

Helicopter-Ship Safety Preparations

144
Q

firefighting equipment or its equivalent should be ready during helicopter operations

A
  1. At least two dry powder extinguishers with an aggregate capacity of not less than 45 kg
  2. A suitable foam application system (fixed or portable), capable of delivering a foam solution at a rate of not less than 6 liters per minute for each square meter of clear zone and sufficient foam compound to enable the rate to be maintained for at least five minutes
  3. Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers with an aggregate capacity of not less than 18 kg
  4. Deck water system capable of delivering at least two jets of water to any part of the helicopter operating area
145
Q

The dry powder extinguishers must have an aggregate capacity of

A

not less than 45 kg

146
Q

The suitable foam application system (fixed or portable) shall be capable of delivering a foam solution at a rate of

A

not less than 6 liters per minute for each square meter of clear zone

147
Q

The sufficient foam compound is needed to enable the rate to be maintained for

A

at least five minutes

148
Q

Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers must have an aggregate capacity of

A

not less than 18 kg

149
Q

Deck water system shall be capable of delivering

A

at least two jets of water

150
Q

What day shape shall a vessel display while engaged in helicopter operations?

A

Day Shape of RAM
Black Ball, Diamond, Ball

151
Q

What is the signal given to helicopter pilot of indicate that the vessel is ready and the helicopter may approach?

A

Arms repeatedly moved upward and backwards, beckoning onward

152
Q

What is the signal given to helicopter pilot to indicate operations finished or stop operations?

A

Arms repeatedly crossed above the head

MarCom (5 decks)

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