Prelim Flashcards
1
Q
a worldwide coordinated maritime distress system designed to provide the rapid transfer of distress messages from vessels in distress to units best suited for providing or coordinating assistance
A
GMDSS
2
Q
provides a link between SAR authorities ashore and shipping in the immediate vicinity of a vessel in distress or in need of assistance so that both land and sea resources can assist in coordinated SAR operations with minimal delay
A
GMDSS
3
Q
Year of first used of Morse code for distress and safety telecommunications
A
1844
4
Q
Reason why the need for ship and coast radio stations to have and use radiotelegraph equipment, and to listen to a common radio frequency for Morse encoded distress calls, was recognized
A
sinking of the liner RMS Titanic in the North Atlantic in 1912
5
Q
Range on the medium frequency (MF) distress band of the radiotelegraph equipment in 1844
A
500 kHz
6
Q
When did IMO commence a study of maritime satellite communication
A
1972
7
Q
Who prescribed shipboard radio communication?
A
1974 SOLAS Convention
8
Q
According to 1974 SC, Passenger ship all size and cargo ship of 1600 tons gross tonnage are required to carry what?
A
Morse telegraphy system on 500 kHz
Morse qualified radio officer
9
Q
Ships required to carry Morse telegraphy system on 500 kHz and Morse qualified radio officer
A
Passenger ship all size and cargo ship of 1600 tons gross tonnage
10
Q
1974 SC: Cargo ship of 300 tons gross tonnage and over are required to carry?
A
radiotelephony system on 2182 kHz
radiotelephony system on 156.8 MHz
11
Q
Ships required to carry radiotelephony system on 2182 kHz & radiotelephony system on 156.8 MHz
A
Cargo ship of 300 tons gross tonnage and over
12
Q
Date of adoption of the International convention on maritime search and rescue (SAR)
A
1979
13
Q
All ships constructed after this date to be fitted with Radar transponder & Two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus for survival craft
A
Feb 1, 1992
14
Q
Date of all ships to be fitted with NAVTEX receiver & Satellite EPIRB
A
Aug 1, 1993
15
Q
○ All ships constructed before Feb 1, 1992 to be fitted with:
◆ Radar Transponder
◆ Two-way VHF Radio Telephony for survival craft
○ All ships to be fitted with:
◆ at least one radar capable of operating in the 9GHz band
A
Feb 1, 1995
16
Q
fully implementation of GMDSS appropriate requirements
A
Feb 1, 1999
17
Q
Dedicated frequencies are made available for maritime communications operating in the VHF, HF and MF radio bands.
A
DSC
18
Q
DSC allows for three things to be displayed or printed on receipt of a distress call
A
name of the vessel
nature of the distress
last recorded position
19
Q
Satellite networks provide a full range of communication services which covers all general communication requirements as well as distress and safety requirements
A
Satellite Communications System
20
Q
What does MSI include?
A
meteorological and navigation warnings
meteorological forecasts
other urgent safety related messages of vital importance to all ships at sea
21
Q
includes all meteorological and navigation warnings, meteorological forecasts, other urgent safety related messages of vital importance to all ships at sea
A
MSI
22
Q
Information in MSI is broadcasted by
A
MF Telex (NAVTEX)
Satellite or HF Telex
23
Q
For local MSI, info is broadcasted by
A
MF Telex (NAVTEX)
24
Q
For Long Range MSI, info is broadcasted by
A
Satellite or HF Telex
25
done through INMARSAT (Geostationary Satellite System using L Band EPIRBs) & COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar Orbiting Satellite System using 406 MHz)
EPIRB System
26
Inmarsat for EPIRB system has what type of EPIRB?
L Band EPIRBs
27
Cospas-Sarsat has what type of EPIRB?
406 MHz EPIRBs
28
– connected to the ship’s navigation system and is provided continuously with an updated position
L Band EPIRBs
29
– mounted on the bridge and on the outside bulkhead of the bridge structure
L Band EPIRBs
30
– can be operated manually or if there is not sufficient time to operate the EPIRB, it is designed to break free of the vessel when it sinks and upon reaching the surface will transmit automatically
L Band EPIRBs
31
provides full global coverage
COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar Orbiting Satellite System using 406 MHz)
32
uses doppler frequency shift techniques to establish the vessels position
COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar Orbiting Satellite System using 406 MHz)
33
some of it have an interface with the ship’s navigation system which enables them to pass their position directly
COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar Orbiting Satellite System using 406 MHz)
34
What is the freq of the signal facility that is provided on most COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRBs?
121.5 MHz
35
provides a homing signal for searching aircraft
121.5 MHz signal facility
36
a portable radar transponder which is designed to provide a locating signal
Search and rescue transponder system (SART)
37
designed to be carried in survival craft
Search and rescue transponder system (SART)
38
when a 9 GHz radar interrogates it, it will provide a signal which will be displayed on the searcher’s radar as a series of twelve dots indicating the course to steer to intercept the transponder
Search and rescue transponder system (SART)
39
What SOLAS Chapter & Regulation indicate that Ships while at sea must be able to Transmit and Receive?
SOLAS Chapter IV Regulation 4
40
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting ship-to-shore distress alerts by at least two independent means, each using a different radio communication service".
Ship-to-Shore Distress Alerts
41
Three basic means of transmitting a distress alert
EPIRB
DSC
Inmarsat
42
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of receiving shore-to-ship distress alerts"
Shore-to-Ship Distress Alerts
43
Shore-to-Ship Distress Alerts may be fulfilled by
means of direct broadcast to vessels from a shore based Rescue Coordination Centre
44
What do RCCs used to directly broadcast to vessels in shore-to-ship distress alerts?
DSC using the MF, HF or VHF frequency bands
Inmarsat C SafetyNET Service
Navtex Services
45
a satellite-based worldwide maritime safety information broadcast service of high seas weather warnings
Inmarsat C SafetyNET Service
46
an international, automated system for instantly distributing maritime safety information (MSI) which includes navigational warnings, weather forecasts and weather warnings, search and rescue notices and similar information to ships
Navtex Services
47
Transmission of ship-to-ship distress alerts can only be accomplished by two methods
VHF Channel 16 or 13
DSC on either MF, HF, or VHF
48
VHF Channel 16 is a channel for
Distress, Safety and Calling
49
VHF Channel 13 is for
Bridge-to-Bridge Communications
50
The purpose of this requirement is to coordinate search and rescue (SAR) communications between all vessels and aircraft that may be involved in the incident
SAR Coordinating Communications
51
SAR Coordinating Communications’ transmission/reception of
Maritime Safety Information
NAVTEX or SafetyNET
Voice communications using MF/HF or VHF or Inmarsat
52
The purpose of this requirement is to coordinate search and rescue (SAR) and other communications between all vessels and aircraft that may be involved at the scene of the incident
On-scene Communications
53
Voice communications using MF/HF or VHF
On-scene Communications
54
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and as required by regulation V/ 12(g) and (h), receiving signals for locating"
Locating Signals
55
Equipment used for receiving under Locating Signals
9 GHz Radar or X Band Radar
56
Equipment used for transmitting under Locating Signals
SART(Search and Rescue Radar Transponder)
57
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving maritime safety information".
Marine Safety Information
58
Equipment used for reception by terrestrial communication under Marine Safety Information
NAVTEX
59
Equipment used for transmission/reception by satellite communication under Marine Safety Information
SafetyNET
60
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving general radio communications to and from shore-based radio systems or networks subject to regulation 15(8)"
General Radio Communications to and from shore
61
General communications may be carried out utilizing
DSC to set up a telephone or telex link on MF/HF or VHF
The Inmarsat network
62
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving bridge-to-bridge communications"
Bridge-to-Bridge Communications
63
What do ships would normally use to carry out Bridge-to-Bridge Communications?
VHF communications
64
Normal use of Bridge-to-Bridge Communications is for
port operations and pilotage
65
For longer range under Bridge-to-Bridge Communications
MF/HF or Inmarsat
66
How are bridge-to-Bridge Communications set up using MF/HF?
DSC
67
defined by governments
GMDSS Sea Area
68
GMDSS Sea Area serves two purposes
to describe areas where GMDSS services are available
to define what GMDSS ships must carry
69
Prior to GMDSS, ships had to carry the number and type of radio safety equipment depending on
tonnage
70
With GMDSS, ships have to carry the number and type of radio safety equipment depending on
the areas in which they travel
71
A1 Range and Equipment
20 to 50 M, VHF DSC
72
A2 Range and Equipment
50 to 400M, VHF + MF
73
A3 Range and Equipment
70° N to 70° S, VHF + MF + One Inmarsat
74
A4 Range and Equipment
Above 70° N or S, HF + MF + VHF
75
a worldwide ship reporting system for search and rescue
AMVER
76
What does AMVER mean
Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System
77
maritime name for an Inmarsat shore-based station linking ship earth station with terrestrial communication network
Coast Earth Station (CES)
78
a satellite system designed to detect distress beacon transmitting on the frequencies 121.5MHz and 406 MHz
Cospas-Sarsat System
79
a geographical point, line or area used as a reference in search planning
Datum
80
a technique using digital codes which enables a radio station to establish contact with and transfer information to another station or group of stations
DSC
81
notification by any means that a distress situation exist and assistance is needed
Distress Alert
82
aeronautical distress beacon for alerting and transmitting homing signals
Emergency Locator Transmitter
83
devices usually carried aboard maritime craft that transmit a signal that alert search and rescue authorities and enable rescue units to locate the scene of the distress
EPIRB
84
distress alert initiated for other than an appropriate test by communications equipment intended for alerting when no distress situation actually exists
False Alarm
85
distress alert received from any source, including communications equipment intended for alerting when no distress situation actually exist and a notification of distress should not have resulted
False Alert
86
a system of geostationary satellites for worldwide mobile communication services and support of the GMDSS and other emergency communication system
Inmarsat
87
spoken international distress signal repeated three times
MAYDAY
88
evacuation of a person for medical reasons
MEDEVAC
89
Medical Advice
MEDICO
90
exchange of medical information and recommended treatment for sick or injured persons where treatment cannot be administered directly by prescribing medical personnel
MEDICO
91
automated telegraphy as used by the NAVTEX system and telex-over-radio
Narrow Band Direct Printing (NBDP)
92
the system for the broadcast and automatic reception of maritime safety information by means of narrow band direct-printing telegraphy
Navigation Telex Radio (NAVTEX)
93
the search area or the actual distress site
On-scene
94
a person designated to coordinate search and rescue operation within a specified area
On-scene Coordinator (OSC)
95
the international radiotelephony urgency signal
PANPAN
96
when repeated three times, indicates uncertainty or alert followed by nature of urgency
PANPAN
97
an operation to retrieve persons in distress, provide for their initial medical or other needs and deliver them to a place of safety
Rescue
98
a plan for rescue operation normally prepared by the SMC for implementation by the OSC and facilities on scene
Rescue Action Plan
99
a unit responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and for coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operation within a search and rescue region
Rescue Coordination Center (RCC)
100
a unit subordinate to a rescue coordination center established to complement the latter according to particular provisions of the responsible authorities
Rescue Sub-Center
101
a service of Inmarsat Enhanced Group call (EGC) system specifically designed for promulgation of Maritime Safety Information (MSI) as a part of the GMDSS
SafetyNet
102
an operation, normally coordinated by a rescue coordination center or rescue sub-center, using available personnel and facilities to locate persons in distress
Search
103
the officially temporary assigned to coordinate response to an actual or apparent distress situation
Search and Rescue Mission Coordinator (SMC)
104
an area of defined dimensions, associated with a rescue coordination center, within which search and rescue services are provided
Search and Rescue Region (SRR)
105
a unit composed of trained personnel and provided with equipment suitable for the expeditious conduct of search and rescue operations
Search and Rescue Unit (SRU)
106
a survival craft transponder that, when activated, sends out signal automatically when a pulse from a nearby radar reaches it
Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)
107
a joint publication of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and IMO
IAMSAR
108
What does IAMSAR stand for?
International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue manual
109
IAMSAR purpose
to assist States in meeting their own SAR need and fulfilling obligations accepted under the International convention
110
How many Vols does IAMSAR have
3
111
IAMSAR Vol 1
Organization and Management
112
IAMSAR Vol 2
Mission Coordination
113
IAMSAR Vol 3
Mobile Facilities
114
IAMSAR Vol 1 Purpose
discusses global SAR system concept, establishment and improvement of national and regional SAR system, and cooperation with neighbouring nations to provide effective and economical SAR services
115
IAMSAR Vol 2 Purpose
to assist personnel who plan and coordinate SAR operations and exercises
116
IAMSAR Vol 3 Purpose
to assist vessels and aircraft with performance of search, rescue, or on-scene coordinator function and with aspects of SAR that pertain to their own emergencies
117
Primary User IAMSAR Vol 1
SAR System Managers
118
Primary User IAMSAR Vol 2
Rescue Co-ordination Centers (RCCs) and Rescue Sub-centers (RSCs)
119
Primary User IAMSAR Vol 3
Rescue units, civil aircraft and vessels
120
Vol 3 is intended to be carried aboard rescue units, aircrafts and vessels to help:
Performance of SAR duties as support members
OSC (On-scene coordinator) functions
SAR aspects involving their own emergencies
121
Purpose of carrying the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual for Mobile Facilities (IAMSAR Volume III) on-board vessels
To provide guidance to those who:
○ Operate aircraft, vessels or other craft, and who may be called upon to use the facility to support SAR operation
○ May need to perform on-scene coordinator function for multiple facilities in the vicinity of a distress situation
○ Experience actual or potential emergencies, and may require Search and Rescue (SAR) assistance
122
When two or more SAR facilities are working together on the same mission, how many people may be needed to co-ordinate the activities of all participating facilities
1
123
Who designates an OSC who may be the person in charge of a Search and rescue unit (SRU), ship, or aircraft participating in a search and Nearby facility in a position to handle OSC duties?
SMC
124
The SMC designates an OSC who may be the person in charge of a
Search and rescue unit (SRU), ship, or aircraft participating in a search
Nearby facility in a position to handle OSC duties
125
Who will normally assume the OSC function until the SMC arranges for that person to be relieved
person in charge of the first facility to arrive at the scene
126
most vital factor in Helicopter Operations
Communication
127
What does the ship’s officer do with the Helicopter team well in advance before the operation?
Ship’s officer must establish proper communication
128
During such communications the officer on board must clarify
The Course to be steered and the Speed to be maintained by the ship during the
operation
Intended Position of helicopter operation
ETA to the Position
Desired Landing or Winching Area
129
Who should keep a good radio watch on VHF CH 16 til the operation is terminated?
OOW
130
What should the OOW keep til the operation is terminated?
a good radio watch on VHF CH 16
131
For safe helicopter operations on board vessels what shall be done
Effective communication between the vessel and the helicopter before and during operations.
The strength of helicopter landing area should be ensured with documentation provided by the owner of the vessel.
The winching area should also be determined in order to ensure that the helicopter could approach and hover safely without obstructions.
Finally, there should be ensured that the necessary equipment is effective and well maintained, ready to be used if needed.
132
Vessel’s crew should help operations and more specifically they should
1. Remove all loose objects from the operating area, as well as all aerials, standing or running rears that should be lowered and secured
2. Ensure that there is the proper communication between the deck party and the bridge
3. Hoist a pennant to be seen by helicopter’s pilot and in case of night operations they should ensure that the correct lighting has been switched on
4. Ensure that fire hoses, foam hoses, dry powder fire extinguishers are ready for use
5. Be ready and properly dressed and a rescue party should be detailed
133
What should should be established between ship and helicopter for Winching Operations?
direct radio link
134
How does a direct radio link usually accomplished?
by having the helicopter equipped with a marine VHF FM radio able to transmit and receive on at least Channel 16 and preferably on two other simplex working frequencies
135
Operating areas on vessels should be located on the main deck and, if practicable, arranged on both port and starboard sides
1. The operating areas consist of an outer maneuvering zone and an inner clear zone
2. Whenever possible, the clear zone should be close to the ship's side
3. Any amount of the maneuvering zone may extend outboard but none of the clear zone may do so.
136
Describe the helicopter markings on vessels
They are aiming circles with an H painted in white for landing or a circle with an inner circle painted yellow for winching only
137
Markings with an aiming circle with H painted in white are for
Landing
138
Circle with an inner circle painted yellow are for
Winching only
139
Max height of obstacle in maneuvering zone for winching
3 m
140
There shall be what on obstacle height for winching
No restriction
141
Minimum distance of clear zone
5 meters
142
Minimum distance/diameter for maneuvering zone
30 m
143
a brief discussion about the safety aspects and operational details of helicopter-ship operations
Helicopter-Ship Safety Preparations
144
firefighting equipment or its equivalent should be ready during helicopter operations
1. At least two dry powder extinguishers with an aggregate capacity of not less than 45 kg
2. A suitable foam application system (fixed or portable), capable of delivering a foam solution at a rate of not less than 6 liters per minute for each square meter of clear zone and sufficient foam compound to enable the rate to be maintained for at least five minutes
3. Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers with an aggregate capacity of not less than 18 kg
4. Deck water system capable of delivering at least two jets of water to any part of the helicopter operating area
145
The dry powder extinguishers must have an aggregate capacity of
not less than 45 kg
146
The suitable foam application system (fixed or portable) shall be capable of delivering a foam solution at a rate of
not less than 6 liters per minute for each square meter of clear zone
147
The sufficient foam compound is needed to enable the rate to be maintained for
at least five minutes
148
Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers must have an aggregate capacity of
not less than 18 kg
149
Deck water system shall be capable of delivering
at least two jets of water
150
What day shape shall a vessel display while engaged in helicopter operations?
Day Shape of RAM
Black Ball, Diamond, Ball
151
What is the signal given to helicopter pilot of indicate that the vessel is ready and the helicopter may approach?
Arms repeatedly moved upward and backwards, beckoning onward
152
What is the signal given to helicopter pilot to indicate operations finished or stop operations?
Arms repeatedly crossed above the head
