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MarCom > GMDSS > Flashcards

GMDSS Flashcards

1
Q

a worldwide coordinated maritime distress system designed to provide the rapid transfer of distress messages from vessels in distress to units best suited for providing or coordinating assistance

A

GMDSS

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2
Q

provides a link between SAR authorities ashore and shipping in the immediate vicinity of a vessel in distress or in need of assistance so that both land and sea resources can assist in coordinated SAR operations with minimal delay

A

GMDSS

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3
Q

meaning of GMDSS

A

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

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4
Q

What year was Morse code first used for distress and safety telecommunications

A

1844

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5
Q

What year did IMO commence a study of maritime satellite communication?

A

1972

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6
Q

What year did IMO commence a study of maritime satellite communication?

A

1972

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7
Q

What convention prescribed shipboard radio communication?

A

1974 SOLAS Convention

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8
Q

Ships that are required by the 1974 SOLAS Convention to have a Morse telegraphy system on 500 kHz and a Morse qualified radio officer

A

Passenger ship all size and cargo ship of 1600 tons gross tonnage

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9
Q

required radiotelephony system on 2182 kHz and 156.8 MHz according to 1974 SOLAS Convention

A

Cargo ship of 300 tons gross tonnage and over

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10
Q

Year of adoption of the International convention on maritime search and rescue (SAR)

A

1979

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11
Q

All ships constructed after what date shall be fitted with a radar transponder and two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus for survival craft

A

Feb 1, 1992

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12
Q

All ships constructed after Feb 1, 1992 shall be fitted with what?

A

radar transponder and two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus for survival craft

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13
Q

Aug 1, 1993, All ships to be fitted with a what

A

NAVTEX receiver and a satellite EPIRB

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14
Q

All ships to be fitted with a NAVTEX receiver and a satellite EPIRB is in what year

A

Aug 1, 1993

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15
Q

All ships constructed before Feb 1, 1992 to be fitted with a radar transponder and two-way VHF radio telephony for survival craft

All ships to be fitted with at least one radar capable of operating in the 9GHz band

A

Feb 1, 1995

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16
Q

Feb 1, 1995
All ships to be fitted with what

A

at least one radar capable of operating in the 9GHz band

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17
Q

When was the full implementation of GMDSS appropriate requirements?

A

Feb 1, 1999

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18
Q

To what ships was the full l implementation of GMDSS regulations apply to?

A

all cargo ships 300 Gross tons & above & to all Passenger Ships, Regardless of size on International Voyages

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19
Q

Before GMDSS was implemented, what was kept on the Distress Frequencies by a dedicated Officer using Headphones or Loudspeakers

A

a radio watch

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20
Q

In the GMDSS, what keeps watch automatically

A

DSC Equipment

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21
Q

Before GMDSS, a vessel in Distress relied primarily on what

A

another vessel for assistance

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22
Q

emphasizes the ability to alert Search & Rescue (SAR), authorities ashore as well as shipping in and to achieve a coordinated response to Distress situations

A

GMDSS

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23
Q

How many subsystems is GMDSS made of

A

5

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24
Q

Dedicated frequencies are made available for maritime communications operating in the VHF, HF and MF radio bands. This provides long, medium and short-range communications

A

DSC

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25
Q

Use is made of DSC technology which provides a means of calling a station or group of stations using digital techniques.

A

DSC

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26
Q

The basic idea is to provide an automated calling system for initial contact.

A

DSC

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27
Q

The system allows for the name of the vessel, the nature of the distress and the last recorded position to be displayed or printed on receipt of a distress call

A

DSC

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28
Q

Distress priority ship to shore calls receive priority over all other traffic and are routed to the nearest rescue coordination centre.

A

DSC

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29
Q

provide a full range of communication services which covers all general communication requirements as well as distress and safety requirements

A

Satellite Communications System

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30
Q

includes all meteorological and navigation warnings, meteorological forecasts and other urgent safety related messages of vital importance to all ships at sea

A

MSI

31
Q

What frequency is Local MSI broadcasted

A

MF Telex (NAVTEX)

32
Q

Long Range MSI is broadcasted by what

A

Satellite or HF Telex

33
Q

done through INMARSAT (geostationary satellite system using L band)) and COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar orbiting satellite system using 406MHz)

A

EPIRB

34
Q

full global coverage of EPIRB is provided by

A

polar orbiting COSPAS-SARSAT system

35
Q

What techniques does the polar orbiting COSPAS-SARSAT system use to establish a vessel’s position

A

Doppler frequency shift technique

36
Q

connected to the ship’s navigation system and is provided continuously with an updated position

A

L Band EPIRB

37
Q

mounted on the bridge and on the
outside bulkhead of the bridge structure

A

L Band EPIRB

38
Q

They can be operated manually or if there is not sufficient time to operate it, it is designed to break free of the vessel when
it sinks and upon reaching the surface will transmit automatically

A

L Band EPIRB

39
Q

What signal frequency is provided on most COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRBs which provides a homing signal for searching aircraft?

A

121.5 MHz Signal Facility

40
Q

a portable radar transponder which is designed to provide a locating signal

A

SART

41
Q

It is designed to be carried in survival craft

A

SART System

42
Q

When interrogated by a 9 GHz radar, will provide a signal which will be displayed on the searcher’s radar as a series of twelve dots indicating the course to steer to intercept the transponder

A

SART/SART System

43
Q

What SOLAS Chapter & Regulation indicates that ships while at sea must be able to Transmit and Receive

A

SOLAS Chapter IV Regulation 4

44
Q

nine communications and the means of communication method

A

Ship-to-ship distress alerts
Ship-to-shore distress alerts
Shore-to-ship distress alerts
SAR Coordinating Communications
On-scene Communications
Locating Signals
Marine Safety Information
General Radio Communications to and from shore
Bridge-to-bridge Communication

45
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting ship-to-shore distress alerts by at least two independent means, each using a different radio communication service”.

A

Ship-to-shore distress alerts

46
Q

Three basic means of transmitting a distress alert

A

EPIRB
Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
INMARSAT

47
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of receiving shore-to-ship distress alerts”

A

Shore-to-ship distress alerts

48
Q

Shore-to-ship distress alerts may be fulfilled by means of direct broadcast to vessels from a shore based Rescue Co-ordination Centre (RCC) using:

A

Digital Selective calling using the MF, HF or VHF frequency bands
Inmarsat C SafetyNet service
Navtex services

49
Q

Transmission of ship-to-ship distress alerts can only be accomplished by two methods. What are these?

A

VHF Channel 16 (Distress, Safety and calling Channel) or VHF Channel 13 (Bridge-to Bridge communications channel)
Digital Selective Calling on either MF, HF or VHF

50
Q

The purpose of this requirement is to co-ordinate search and rescue (SAR) communications between all vessels and aircraft that may be involved in the incident

A

SAR Coordinating Communications

51
Q

Transmission / reception of Maritime Safety Information, NAVTEX or SafetyNET; and through voice communications using MF/HF or VHF or Inmarsat

A

SAR Coordinating Communications

52
Q

The purpose of this requirement is to co-ordinate search and rescue (SAR) and other communications between all vessels and aircraft that may be involved at the scene of the incident.

A

On-scene Communications

53
Q

Voice communications using MF/HF or VHF

A

On-scene Communications

54
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and as required by regulation V/12(g) and (h), receiving signals for locating”

A

Locating Signals

55
Q

In Locating Signals, what is used for receiving?

A

Radar 9 GHz

56
Q

In Locating Signals, what is used for transmitting?

A

SART

57
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving maritime safety information”.

A

Marine Safety Information

58
Q

MSI, reception by terrestrial communication

A

NAVTEX

59
Q

MSI, transmission/reception by satellite communication

A

SafetyNet

60
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving general radio communications to and from shore-based radio systems or networks subject to regulation 15(8)”

A

General radio communications to and from shore

61
Q

General communications may be carried out utilizing the following systems:

A

Digital Selective Calling to set up a telephone or telex link on MF/HF or VHF
The Inmarsat network

62
Q

“Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving bridge-to-bridge
communications”

A

Bridge-to-bridge communications

63
Q

What communications would ships normally used for bridge-to-bridge communications?

A

VHF

64
Q

The normal use of bridge-to-bridge communications would be

A

for port operations and pilotage

65
Q

Bridge-to-bridge comms for longer range, what is used?

A

MF/HF or Inmarsat

66
Q

describe areas where GMDSS services are available, and to define what GMDSS ships must carry

A

GMDSS Sea Areas

67
Q

GMDSS Sea Areas Purpose

A

describe areas where GMDSS services are available, and to define what GMDSS ships must carry.

68
Q

GMDSS Sea Area A1, Range and Equipment?

A

20 to 50 M, VHF DSC

69
Q

GMDSS Sea Area A2, Range and Equipment?

A

50 to 400 M, VHF + MF

70
Q

GMDSS Sea Area A3, Range and Equipment?

A

70°N to 70°S, VHF + MF + One Inmarsat

71
Q

GMDSS Sea Area A4, Range and Equipment?

A

Above 70°N or S, HF + MF + VHF

72
Q

refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that
does not carry enough energy per quantum (photon energy) to ionize atoms or molecules—
that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule

A

Non-ionizing (or non-ionising) radiation

73
Q

Exposure to non-ionizing ultraviolet light is a risk factor for developing skin cancer (especially non-melanoma skin cancers), sunburn, premature aging of skin, and other effects.

A

Upper Freqs

74
Q

In addition to the well-known effect of non-ionizing ultraviolet light causing skin cancer, non-ionizing radiation can produce non-mutagenic effects such as inciting thermal energy in
biological tissue that can lead to burns.

A

Lower Freqs

MarCom (5 decks)

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