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MarCom > GMDSS > Flashcards

GMDSS Flashcards

1
Q

a worldwide coordinated maritime distress system designed to provide the rapid transfer of distress messages from vessels in distress to units best suited for providing or coordinating assistance

A

GMDSS

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2
Q

provides a link between SAR authorities ashore and shipping in the immediate vicinity of a vessel in distress or in need of assistance so that both land and sea resources can assist in coordinated SAR operations with minimal delay

A

GMDSS

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3
Q

meaning of GMDSS

A

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

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4
Q

What year was Morse code first used for distress and safety telecommunications

A

1844

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5
Q

What year did IMO commence a study of maritime satellite communication?

A

1972

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6
Q

What year did IMO commence a study of maritime satellite communication?

A

1972

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7
Q

What convention prescribed shipboard radio communication?

A

1974 SOLAS Convention

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8
Q

Ships that are required by the 1974 SOLAS Convention to have a Morse telegraphy system on 500 kHz and a Morse qualified radio officer

A

Passenger ship all size and cargo ship of 1600 tons gross tonnage

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9
Q

required radiotelephony system on 2182 kHz and 156.8 MHz according to 1974 SOLAS Convention

A

Cargo ship of 300 tons gross tonnage and over

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10
Q

Year of adoption of the International convention on maritime search and rescue (SAR)

A

1979

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11
Q

All ships constructed after what date shall be fitted with a radar transponder and two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus for survival craft

A

Feb 1, 1992

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12
Q

All ships constructed after Feb 1, 1992 shall be fitted with what?

A

radar transponder and two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus for survival craft

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13
Q

Aug 1, 1993, All ships to be fitted with a what

A

NAVTEX receiver and a satellite EPIRB

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14
Q

All ships to be fitted with a NAVTEX receiver and a satellite EPIRB is in what year

A

Aug 1, 1993

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15
Q

All ships constructed before Feb 1, 1992 to be fitted with a radar transponder and two-way VHF radio telephony for survival craft

All ships to be fitted with at least one radar capable of operating in the 9GHz band

A

Feb 1, 1995

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16
Q

Feb 1, 1995
All ships to be fitted with what

A

at least one radar capable of operating in the 9GHz band

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17
Q

When was the full implementation of GMDSS appropriate requirements?

A

Feb 1, 1999

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18
Q

To what ships was the full l implementation of GMDSS regulations apply to?

A

all cargo ships 300 Gross tons & above & to all Passenger Ships, Regardless of size on International Voyages

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19
Q

Before GMDSS was implemented, what was kept on the Distress Frequencies by a dedicated Officer using Headphones or Loudspeakers

A

a radio watch

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20
Q

In the GMDSS, what keeps watch automatically

A

DSC Equipment

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21
Q

Before GMDSS, a vessel in Distress relied primarily on what

A

another vessel for assistance

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22
Q

emphasizes the ability to alert Search & Rescue (SAR), authorities ashore as well as shipping in and to achieve a coordinated response to Distress situations

A

GMDSS

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23
Q

How many subsystems is GMDSS made of

A

5

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24
Q

Dedicated frequencies are made available for maritime communications operating in the VHF, HF and MF radio bands. This provides long, medium and short-range communications

A

DSC

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25
Use is made of DSC technology which provides a means of calling a station or group of stations using digital techniques.
DSC
26
The basic idea is to provide an automated calling system for initial contact.
DSC
27
The system allows for the name of the vessel, the nature of the distress and the last recorded position to be displayed or printed on receipt of a distress call
DSC
28
Distress priority ship to shore calls receive priority over all other traffic and are routed to the nearest rescue coordination centre.
DSC
29
provide a full range of communication services which covers all general communication requirements as well as distress and safety requirements
Satellite Communications System
30
includes all meteorological and navigation warnings, meteorological forecasts and other urgent safety related messages of vital importance to all ships at sea
MSI
31
What frequency is Local MSI broadcasted
MF Telex (NAVTEX)
32
Long Range MSI is broadcasted by what
Satellite or HF Telex
33
done through INMARSAT (geostationary satellite system using L band)) and COSPAS-SARSAT (Polar orbiting satellite system using 406MHz)
EPIRB
34
full global coverage of EPIRB is provided by
polar orbiting COSPAS-SARSAT system
35
What techniques does the polar orbiting COSPAS-SARSAT system use to establish a vessel’s position
Doppler frequency shift technique
36
connected to the ship’s navigation system and is provided continuously with an updated position
L Band EPIRB
37
mounted on the bridge and on the outside bulkhead of the bridge structure
L Band EPIRB
38
They can be operated manually or if there is not sufficient time to operate it, it is designed to break free of the vessel when it sinks and upon reaching the surface will transmit automatically
L Band EPIRB
39
What signal frequency is provided on most COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRBs which provides a homing signal for searching aircraft?
121.5 MHz Signal Facility
40
a portable radar transponder which is designed to provide a locating signal
SART
41
It is designed to be carried in survival craft
SART System
42
When interrogated by a 9 GHz radar, will provide a signal which will be displayed on the searcher’s radar as a series of twelve dots indicating the course to steer to intercept the transponder
SART/SART System
43
What SOLAS Chapter & Regulation indicates that ships while at sea must be able to Transmit and Receive
SOLAS Chapter IV Regulation 4
44
nine communications and the means of communication method
Ship-to-ship distress alerts Ship-to-shore distress alerts Shore-to-ship distress alerts SAR Coordinating Communications On-scene Communications Locating Signals Marine Safety Information General Radio Communications to and from shore Bridge-to-bridge Communication
45
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting ship-to-shore distress alerts by at least two independent means, each using a different radio communication service".
Ship-to-shore distress alerts
46
Three basic means of transmitting a distress alert
EPIRB Digital Selective Calling (DSC) INMARSAT
47
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of receiving shore-to-ship distress alerts"
Shore-to-ship distress alerts
48
Shore-to-ship distress alerts may be fulfilled by means of direct broadcast to vessels from a shore based Rescue Co-ordination Centre (RCC) using:
Digital Selective calling using the MF, HF or VHF frequency bands Inmarsat C SafetyNet service Navtex services
49
Transmission of ship-to-ship distress alerts can only be accomplished by two methods. What are these?
VHF Channel 16 (Distress, Safety and calling Channel) or VHF Channel 13 (Bridge-to Bridge communications channel) Digital Selective Calling on either MF, HF or VHF
50
The purpose of this requirement is to co-ordinate search and rescue (SAR) communications between all vessels and aircraft that may be involved in the incident
SAR Coordinating Communications
51
Transmission / reception of Maritime Safety Information, NAVTEX or SafetyNET; and through voice communications using MF/HF or VHF or Inmarsat
SAR Coordinating Communications
52
The purpose of this requirement is to co-ordinate search and rescue (SAR) and other communications between all vessels and aircraft that may be involved at the scene of the incident.
On-scene Communications
53
Voice communications using MF/HF or VHF
On-scene Communications
54
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and as required by regulation V/12(g) and (h), receiving signals for locating"
Locating Signals
55
In Locating Signals, what is used for receiving?
Radar 9 GHz
56
In Locating Signals, what is used for transmitting?
SART
57
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving maritime safety information".
Marine Safety Information
58
MSI, reception by terrestrial communication
NAVTEX
59
MSI, transmission/reception by satellite communication
SafetyNet
60
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving general radio communications to and from shore-based radio systems or networks subject to regulation 15(8)"
General radio communications to and from shore
61
General communications may be carried out utilizing the following systems:
Digital Selective Calling to set up a telephone or telex link on MF/HF or VHF The Inmarsat network
62
"Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable of transmitting and receiving bridge-to-bridge communications"
Bridge-to-bridge communications
63
What communications would ships normally used for bridge-to-bridge communications?
VHF
64
The normal use of bridge-to-bridge communications would be
for port operations and pilotage
65
Bridge-to-bridge comms for longer range, what is used?
MF/HF or Inmarsat
66
describe areas where GMDSS services are available, and to define what GMDSS ships must carry
GMDSS Sea Areas
67
GMDSS Sea Areas Purpose
describe areas where GMDSS services are available, and to define what GMDSS ships must carry.
68
GMDSS Sea Area A1, Range and Equipment?
20 to 50 M, VHF DSC
69
GMDSS Sea Area A2, Range and Equipment?
50 to 400 M, VHF + MF
70
GMDSS Sea Area A3, Range and Equipment?
70°N to 70°S, VHF + MF + One Inmarsat
71
GMDSS Sea Area A4, Range and Equipment?
Above 70°N or S, HF + MF + VHF
72
refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum (photon energy) to ionize atoms or molecules— that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule
Non-ionizing (or non-ionising) radiation
73
Exposure to non-ionizing ultraviolet light is a risk factor for developing skin cancer (especially non-melanoma skin cancers), sunburn, premature aging of skin, and other effects.
Upper Freqs
74
In addition to the well-known effect of non-ionizing ultraviolet light causing skin cancer, non-ionizing radiation can produce non-mutagenic effects such as inciting thermal energy in biological tissue that can lead to burns.
Lower Freqs

MarCom (5 decks)

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