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DEV PSYCH > Prelim > Flashcards

Prelim Flashcards

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1
Q

3 domains of development

A

•Physical development
•Cognitive development
•Psychosocial development

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2
Q

Emotions, personality, and social relationships

A

Psychosocial development

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3
Q

Learning attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning and creativity

A

Cognitive development

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4
Q

Growth of the body and brain, sensory capacity, motor skills and health

A

Physical development

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5
Q

Branch of psychology focus on how people grow, change over the course of lifetime

A

Developmental psychology

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6
Q

Early adulthood is not the end of development (not the end point) of the continous process of development

A

Lifelong

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7
Q

No matter what age you might be, your body, mind, emotions, and relationships are changing and affecting each other

A

Multidimensional

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8
Q

Dimensions or components of dimension expands.

A

Multidirectional

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9
Q

Kakayahang magbago or capacity to change

A

Plastic

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10
Q

Developmemt can be view through various academic discipline

A

Multidisciplinary

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11
Q

Occurs within context

A

Contextual

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12
Q

3 development process

A

Biological process
Cognitive process
Socioemotional process

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13
Q

Change in physical nature

A

Biological process

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14
Q

Change in thought, intellegence and language

A

Cognitive process

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15
Q

Change in relationship with other people, emotions and personality

A

Socioemotional process

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16
Q

Refers to the time frame of persons life

A

Developmental period

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17
Q

Conception to birth

A

Prenatal period

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18
Q

18 to 24 months, extreme dependence upon adults

A

Infancy

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19
Q

3 to 5 yrs old also known as preschool year

A

Early childhood

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20
Q

6 to 10/11 yrs old elementary school years

A

Middle and late childhood

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21
Q

10-12 to 18-21 transition from childhood to adulthood

A

Adolescence

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22
Q

20s to 30s establishing personal and economic independence

A

Early adulthood

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23
Q

40s to 50s expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility assisting the next generation in becoming competent and mature individuals

A

Middle adulthood

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24
Q

60s to 70 till death, longest span on periods of development, time of life review retirement and adjustment to new social roles and diminishing strength and health

A

Late adulthood

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25
Q

Transitional period between infancy and early adulthood

A

Toddler

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26
Q

Transition from adolescence to adulthood

A

Emerging adulthood

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27
Q

4 developmental issues

A

Nature vs nurture
Maturation
Stability vs change
Continuity vs discontinuity

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28
Q

Starts with the prenatal environment in the womb and continuing throughout life

A

Nature vs Nurture

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29
Q

Biological inheritance

A

Nature

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30
Q

Environmental experience

A

Nurture

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31
Q

Unfolding of natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes

A

Maturation

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32
Q

Involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change

A

Stability Vs Change

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33
Q

Result of heredity and possibly early life experience

A

Stability

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34
Q

Structures of mind

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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35
Q

Pleasurable, immediate gratification

A

ID

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36
Q

Reason, reality principle, protected and preserved by different defense mechanism

A

EGO

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37
Q

Conscience, socially approved, should and should not, moral, highly demanding

A

SUPEREGO

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38
Q

The 3 important cognitive theories are

A

Piaget’s cognitive theory of development

Lev Vygotsky sociocultural cognitive theory

Information - processing theory

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39
Q

This theory states that children go through 4 stages of cognitive development as they construct understanding of the world

A

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

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40
Q

2 process this cognitive construction of the world

A

Organization and adaptation

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41
Q

Gave social interaction and culture far more important roles in cognitive development than Piaget did

A

Lev Vygotsky

42
Q

Emphasizes and culture and social interaction guide cognitive development

A

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Cognitive Theory

43
Q

Emphasizes that individual manipulate information, monitor it and strategize about it

A

Information - processing theory

44
Q

A leading expert on children’s information process

A

Robert Siegler

45
Q

We can study scientifically only what we can be directly observed and measured

A

Behavioral and social cognitive theory

46
Q

A behavior follwed by a rewarding stimulus is more likely to recur whereas a behavior followed by punishing stimulus is less likely to recur

A

Skinner’s Operant Conditioning

47
Q

Learning theory explains how people learn by observing imitating and modeling the behavior of others

A

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory

48
Q

Stresses that behavior is strongly influence by biology, is tied to evolution and characterized by critical or sensitive periods

A

Ethological Theory

49
Q

Stressed that attachment to caregiver over the 1st year of life has important consequences throughout the life span

A

John Bowly

50
Q

This theory holds that development reflects the influence of several environmental systems.

A

Ecological theory

51
Q

Five environmetal systems

A

Microsystem
Mesosystem
Macrosystem
Exosystem
Chronosystem

52
Q

5 theories of Development

A

• Psychoanalytic theories
• Cognitive theories
• Behavioral and Social Cognitive theories
• Ethological theories
• Ecological theories

53
Q

9 period sequence

A
  1. Prenatal stage
  2. Infancy
  3. Toddler
  4. Early childhood
  5. Middle and late childhood
  6. Adolescence
  7. Early adulthood
  8. Middle adulthood
  9. Late adulthood
54
Q

Birth to 1 ½ years, infant’s pleasure centers on the mouth

A

Oral stage

55
Q

1 ½ to 3 yrs. Child’s pleasure focuses on the anus

A

Anal stage

56
Q

3 to 6 yrs, child’s pleasure focuses on the genitals

A

Phallic stage

57
Q

6 yrs to puberty. Child’s represses sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills

A

Latency stage

58
Q

Puberty onward, a time of sexual reawakening source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside the family

A

Genital stage

59
Q

Recognized Freud’s contribution but believed that Freud misjudged some important dimensions of human development

A

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

60
Q

• the primary motivation of human behavior is sexual nature
• The basic personality is shaped during the first 5 yrs of life
• Viewed early experience as being far more important than later experience

A

Sigmund Freud

61
Q

• It is social and reflects a desire to affiliate with other people
• developmental changes occur throughout the life span
• emphasize the importance of both early and later experience

A

Erik Erikson

62
Q

8 stages of development

A
  1. Trust vs Mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
  3. Initiative vs Guilt
  4. Industry vs Inferiority
  5. Identity vs Identity Confusion
  6. Intimacy vs Isolation
    7.Generativity vs Stagnation
  7. Integrity vs Despair
63
Q

Experience the 1st period of life, development of trust during infancy sets the stage for a lifelong expectation that the world will be a good and pleasant place to live

A

Trust vs Mistrust

64
Q

Occurs in late infancy and toddlerhood (1 - 3 yrs old) after gaining trust in their caregivers, infants begin to discover that their behavior is their own
- realized of own will
- start to assert sense of independence or autonomy

A

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

65
Q

Feeling of guilt may arise, though if the child is irresponsible and is made to feel too anxious

A

Initiative vs Guilt

66
Q
  • Occurs approximately during elementary school year
  • need to direct their energy toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills
A

Industry vs Inferiority

67
Q

-occurs during adolescence
- individuals need to find out who they are going in life

A

Identity vs Identity Confusion

68
Q
  • experience during early adulthood
  • stage where individual face the developmental task of forming inmate relationship
A

Intimacy vs isolation

69
Q

Occurs during middle adulthood
- concern for helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives

A

Generativity vs Stagnation

70
Q

Final stage of development, which individuals experience in late adulthood
- person reflects on the past

A

Integrity vs Despair

71
Q

4 stages of Cognitive Development

A

• Sensorimotor Stage
• Preoperational Stage
• Concrete Operational Stage
• Format Operational Stage

72
Q

Last from birth to 2 years of age - First Piaget stage.

  • Infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences (such as seeing and hearing) with physical, motoric actions – hence the term sensorimotor.
A

Sensori motor stage

73
Q

Last from approximately 2 to 7 years of age.

  • Piaget’s second stage.
  • Children begin to go beyond connecting sensory information with physical action and represent the world with words, images, and drawings.
A

Preoperational stage

74
Q

Last from 7 to 11 years of age. - Third Piaget’s stage.

  • Children can perform operations that involve objects, and they can reason logically when the reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples.
A

Concrete operational stage

75
Q

Appears between ages of 11 and 15 and continuous through adulthood. - Individuals move beyond concrete and begin to think in abstract and more logical terms.

A

Format operational stage

76
Q

Is the setting in which the individual lives.

  • Includes people in your immediate circle.
  • Has a bidirectional influence.
A

Microsysten

77
Q

Is the setting in which the individual lives.

  • Includes people in your immediate circle.
  • Has a bidirectional influence.
A

Microsysten

78
Q

Involves relations between microsystems or connections between context

A

Mesosystem

79
Q

Consists of links between a social
setting in which the individual does
not have an active role and the
individual’s immediate context.

A

Exosystem

80
Q

Involves the culture in which
individuals live

A

Macrosystem

81
Q

Consists of the patterning of

environmental events, transitions
over the life course, and sociohistorical circumstances.

A

Chronosystem

82
Q

Thought is more logical, abstract and idealistic. More time is spent

A

Adolescence

83
Q

A time of establishing personal and economic independence advancing a career and for many selecting a mate, learning to live with that person in an intimate way, starting a family and rearing children

A

Early adulthood

84
Q

A time of life review retirement and adjustment to new social role and diminishing strength and health

A

Late adulthood

85
Q

Experimentation and exploration characterize

A

Emerging adulthood

86
Q

Time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility of assisting the next generation in becoming competent nature individuals and of reaching and maintaining satisfaction in career

A

Middle adulthood

87
Q

Preschool year

A

Early childhood

88
Q

Period of prenatal development that takes place during the 1st two weeks after conception

A

Geminal period

89
Q

Period of prenatal development that occurs from 2 to 8 weeks after conception

A

Embryonic period

90
Q

Prenatal period between 2 months after conception and birth in typical pregnancies

A

Fetal period

91
Q

Prenatal environment of unborn child

A

Womb

92
Q

Beginning of human

A

Conception

93
Q

Total number of chromosomes organize into 23 pairs

A

46

94
Q

Through this process of cell division a single celled zygote form at conception becomes a multi celled organism

A

Mitosis

95
Q

Is the specialized process of cell division

A

Meoisis

96
Q

Is made up of sequence of chemical adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

A

DNA

97
Q

Other term for identical twin

A

Monozygotic

98
Q

Other term for fraternal twin

A

Dizygotic

99
Q

Pair of chromosomes are the sex chromosomes

A

23rd

100
Q

Is inherited to develop disorders

A

Predisposition

101
Q

describe development as primarily unconscious (beyond awareness) and heavily colored by emotion

A

Psychoanalytic theories

DEV PSYCH (4 decks)

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