Prelim Flashcards
The science of soul.
➢ It can be covert and overt.
➢ Study of observable events or behaviors.
➢ Behavior is unlearned process where in include
reflexes, physiological process and instincts.
➢ Learned behavior acquired through practice.
➢ Currently, Psychology is a scientific method of collecting data about individual and groups to analyze and predict behavior.
Psychology
➢ is an attempt to mould and shape the behavior of the students.
➢ It’s aims to produce desirable changes in them
for all-round development of their personalities.
Education
● Viewed the child as an active learner.
● Argued children learn best by doing.
● Emphasized the child’s adaptation to the
environment.
● Pushed for competent education for all
children.
John Dewey (1859-1952)
●He Initiated an emphasis on assessment and measurement of learning.
● Promoted the idea that educational psychology must have a scientific base and that measurement should be a central focus.
E. L. Thorndike (1874-1949)
● A learner-centered approach that emphasizes the individual actively constructing their knowledge and understanding.
● Teachers guide children’s exploration of their world, fostering discovery learning.
The Constructivist Approach
● A structured, teacher-centered approach
characterized by teacher direction and control.
● An important goal is to maximize student
learning time.
● Effective teachers use both a constructivist and
direct instruction approach depending on the circumstances and individual student needs.
The Direct Instruction Approach
● Approach recognizes individual variations in
knowledge, readiness and interests.
● Emphasizes tailoring assignments to meet
students’ needs and abilities.
● Advocates discovering “zones” or “ballparks” in which students in a classroom cluster
Differentiated Instruction
- Provide real-world learning opportunities.
- Select learning opportunities of optimal
difficulty and novelty. - Allow students make choices in line with their personal interests.
- Give students the opportunity to think creatively and deeply about projects.
How to promote self-motivated students?
➔ Observations
* Laboratory
* Naturalistic observation
➔ Interviews and questionnaires
➔ Standardized tests
➔ Case Studies
Descriptive Research
- Manipulates one or more variables believed to influence behavior while all other factors are controlled.
- Does establish causal relation.
Experimental Research
The manipulated, influential experimental factor.
Independent variable
The factor that is measured in an experiment.
Dependent variable:
The group whose experience is manipulated.
Experimental group
A comparison group, no manipulation.
Control group
Participants are assigned to groups by chance.
Random assignment
➔ Measures the strength of a relation between two
variables.
➔ Does not establish causal relation.
Correlational Research
Scope of Educational Psychology
-Learner of Pupil
-Learning situation and environment
-Learning experience
-Teacher
-Learning Processes
Exploring Educational Psychology
