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SPEECH > PRELIM > Flashcards

PRELIM Flashcards

1
Q

The process which we express, interpret, and coordinate
messages with others.

A

COMMUNICATION

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2
Q

Can be in the form of verbal utterances, nonverbal
behaviors, and visual images used to convey thoughts and
feelings.

A

MESSAGES

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3
Q

• Messages are created through encoding.
• The process of putting our thoughts and feelings into words
and nonverbal behaviors.

A

ENCODING

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4
Q

• The process of the receiver interpreting the message.

A

DECODING

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5
Q

The response to the message that indicates how the initial
message was interpreted.

A

FEEDBACK

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6
Q

The actions or behavioral adjustments each participant
makes in an attempt to create shared meaning.

A

INTERACTION COORDINATION

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7
Q

Route traveled by the message and the means of
transportation.

A

CHANNELS

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8
Q

A technological channel which has Textual images that symbolize the sender’s mood,
emotion or facial expression.

A

emoticons

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9
Q

technological channels which has Abbreviations that stand in for common phrases.

A

acronyms

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10
Q

• Also known as Noise.
• Shouldn’t be a part of communication but is always present.

A

interference

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11
Q

External sight or sound.

A

physical noise

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12
Q
  • Also known as Mental Noise.
  • Refers to thoughts and feelings we experience.
  • Harder to control.
A

psychological noise

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13
Q
  • Misunderstandings about the meaning of words.
A

semantic noise

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14
Q
  • Concerned with one’s ability to see and hear, their health, or
    any other physiological issues that can interfere.
A

physiological noise

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15
Q

• Communication continues and does not stop with
speaking.
• Even silence communicates if another person infers
meaning from it.

A

continuous

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16
Q

• Once an exchange takes place, one cannot go back and
erase the communication because the message has been
communicated.

A

irreversible

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17
Q

• Communication is situated and guided by cultural norms.
• A specific setting that affects how the messages are
produced, interpreted, and coordinated

A

situated

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18
Q

• Communication is a measure of the status or
emotional temperature of our relationships.

A

indexical

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19
Q

is an actual text of what to say and do in a specific
situation

A

script

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20
Q

a “mental library” of scripts to create
messages based on what worked in the past.

A

canned plan

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21
Q

Formed carefully and thoughtfully when the scripts are
inadequate for the situation.

A

constructed messages

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22
Q

communication context that
Includes the location, environmental conditions
(temperature, lighting, noise level) and the proximity of the
participants to each other.
• It may also be virtual.
o Being there for another person virtually is
called social presence.

A

physical

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23
Q

A communiction context that
• The nature of the relationship that exists between participants.
• The better the participants know each other and the better the relationship they have, the more likely they can accurately interpret their messages.

A

social

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24
Q

A communication context in which The background provided by previous communication
between participants.

A

historical

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25
Q

The moods and feelings each person brings to the conversation.

A

Psychological

26
Q

Communication context
The beliefs, values, orientation, underlying assumptions,
and rituals that belong to a specific culture.

A

cultural

27
Q

• The process of selectively attending and assigning
meaning to information.
• Perception works by our brain selecting some of the
information it receives from the senses or sensory
stimuli, organizing it before interpreting it.

A

perception

28
Q

• The overall view we have of ourselves which includes
self-concept and self-esteem.

A

self-perception

29
Q

• The perception we have about our skills, abilities, knowledge, competencies, and personality.
• Our personal experiences are critical to forming our self-concept.

A

self-concept

30
Q

• The positive or negative evaluation we attach to our competencies and personality traits.

A

self-esteem

31
Q

play an important role in shaping
self-concept and self-esteem.

A

cultural norms

32
Q

• Also known as intrapersonal communication.
• It is the internal conversation we have with ourselves in
our thoughts.

A

self-talk

33
Q

• Is a phenomenon presenting different aspects of our self-concept based on the situation and people
involved.

A

self-construction of self

34
Q

• It is the internal process of being aware how we are coming across to others and adjusting our behavior accordingly.
• Involves being sensitive to other people’s feedback and
using it to determine how to respond back.

A

self-monitoring

35
Q

• A communication theory that explains how individuals monitor their social environment in order to know more about themselves and others.
• When we reduce uncertainty, we become more
comfortable in communicating.

A

uncertainty reduction

36
Q
  • The first thing we notice.
  • We assess how attractive, likable, competent, and aggressive we think people are after looking for only 100milliseconds.
A

physical appearance

37
Q
  • Our tendency to form impressions based on assumptions
    made about another’s personality
A

implicit personality theory

38
Q
  • Formed impressions by thinking that others who share one
    characteristic with us also share others until we get
    information that contradicts this assumption.
A

Assumed Similarity

39
Q

• A group comprises a smaller number of people who hold common values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs that differ from the dominant culture.
• Co-cultural groups interact with the dominant culture through assimilation, accommodation, or
separation.

A

co-culture

40
Q

The study of how the perception of time differs among
cultures.

A

chronemics

41
Q

– views time as a
series of small units that occur sequentially.
▪ Punctuality is highly valued.
Uninterrupted task completion,
meeting deadlines and doing things
one at a time.

A

monochronic culture

42
Q

view time as a
continuous flow. Time is fluid or flexible.
▪ Interruptions are not perceived as
annoying but as natural occurrences.

A

polychronic cultures

43
Q

– speaker’s message is
understood from context.
▪ Meaning is conveyed indirectly and
interpreted by referring to unwritten
cultural rules and subtle nonverbal
behaviors.
▪ Verbal messages are ambiguous and
understood by “reading between the
lines”.

A

high-context culture

44
Q

– Unequal distribution
of power is accepted.

A

high power distance

45
Q

– Prefer power to be
equally distributed.

A

low power distance

46
Q

–
tolerates uncertainty and is less driven to
control unpredictable people, relationships, or
events.

A

Low Uncertainty-avoidance Culture

47
Q

– low
tolerance for uncertainty and have a high need
to control unpredictable people, relationships,
or events.

A

High Uncertainty-avoidance Cultures

48
Q

– values rewards in
the here and now and wants quick results,
fulfilling social obligations, and getting to the
bottom line efficiently.

A

Short-term Orientation

49
Q

– slow and steady
perseverance towards achieving a mutually
acceptable result.

A

Long-term Orientation

50
Q

_____ is the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences

A

syntax

51
Q

is the correct use of words; rules and examples on how
language is supposed to be used

A

grammar

52
Q

§ Is derived from the words themselves and how they are
arranged into sentences.

A

Semantic Meaning

53
Q

§ Is the explicit meaning found in the dictionary of a language
community.

A

Denotation Meaning

54
Q

§ Is the implicit additional meaning we associate with a word.

A

Connotation Meaning

55
Q

is the use of tongue, palate, teeth, jaw
movement, and lips to shape vocalized sounds that combine
and produce words.

A

Articulation

56
Q

_____ problems include adding an extra sound
(athalete), leaving out a sound (library for library),
transposing sounds (revalent for relevant) and distorting sounds (troof for truth).

A

Pronunciation

57
Q

_____is the inflection, tone, and speech habits typical of a native speaker

A

Accent

58
Q

is achieved by changing your pitch, volume, and rate, stressing some words, and using pauses
strategically

A

Vocal expression

59
Q

________voice is lull and may diminish the chances of audience to understand your point

A

Monotonous voice

60
Q

Pauses can mark important ideas by strategically putting
moments of silence.

A

Pauses

61
Q
  • Cues we send with our body, voice,
    space, time, and appearance to
    support, modify, contradict, or even
    replace a verbal message.
A

non-verbal messages

SPEECH (3 decks)

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