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SPEECH > finals !! > Flashcards

finals !! Flashcards

1
Q
  • A sustained formal presentation by a speaker to an
    audience.
A

PUBLIC SPEAKING

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2
Q
  • The composite of the speaker (and their knowledge and
    intentions), the audience (and their knowledge and
    expectations), and the occasion.
A

RHETORICAL SITUATION

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3
Q
  • The study of the interested audience for the speech.
A

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS

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4
Q
  • The process of tailoring the speech to address the
    unique needs, interests, and expectations of the
    audience.
A

AUDIENCE ADAPTATION

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5
Q
  • Where audience analysis and adaptation is rooted in.
  • Theory that explains the processes we go through to
    get to know strangers.
A

UNCERTAINTY REDUCTION THEORY

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6
Q

It is the broad area of knowledge that can be
identified by listing those important to you and know
something about.

A

Subjects

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7
Q

It is the uncritical, non-evaluative
process of generating ideas.

A

Brainstorming

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8
Q

Visual means of exploring
connections between a subject and rel;ated
ideas.

A

Concept Map

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9
Q

A person’s age, education
level, sex, income, occupation, socioeconomic
status, race ethnicity, religion, geographic
uniqueness, and first language.

A

Demographic Data -

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10
Q

The level of knowledge,
initial level of interest in, and attitude toward
the potential topics.

A

Subject-Related Data

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11
Q

The direct examination of
people to gather information about
their ideas and opinions.

A

Survey

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12
Q

The practice of ignoring
the values, needs, interests, and
subject specific knowledge of some
audience members.

A

Marginalizing

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13
Q

assuming all
members of a group have similar
knowledge levels, behaviors, or
beliefs simply because they belong to
that group.

A

Stereotyping

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14
Q

the range of
demographic characteristics and
subject specific differences
represented in an audience.

A

Audience diversity

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15
Q

The overall intent of the
speech.

A

General goal

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16
Q

a single statement that
identifies the desired response a speaker
wants from the audience.

A

Specific goal

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17
Q
  • The process of locating information about your topic
    discovered by other people.
A

SECONDARY RESEARCH

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18
Q

A research method focused
on careful observations of people or groups of people
while immersed in their community.

A

Fieldwork Observations

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19
Q

collecting data by acting as a
participant or non-participant observer.

A

Ethnography

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20
Q

a planned, structured conversation where
one person asks questions and another answers them.

A

Interviews

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21
Q
  • Statements that can be verified.
A

FACTUAL STATEMENTS

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22
Q
  • References to an original source, made at the point in
    the speech where information from that source is
    presented.
A

ORAL FOOTNOTES

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23
Q

a logical way to structure
information that makes it easy for an audience to follow.

A

Organizational pattern

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24
Q
  • organizing the main points by a
    chronological sequence or by steps in a process.
A

Time Order

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25
Q

\ - dramatizes the thesis using a story
or series of stories that includes characters, settings,
and a plot.

A

Narrative Order

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26
Q
  • structures the main points using some
    logical relationship among them.
A

topical order

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27
Q
  • structures the main points as
    reasons for accepting the thesis as desirable or true.
A

Logical Reason Order

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28
Q
  • structures the main points as
    reasons for accepting the thesis as desirable or true.
A

Logical Reason Order

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29
Q
  • A one- or two-sentence summary that states your
    general and specific goals and previews the main
    points of your speech.
A

THESIS STATEMENT

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30
Q

A written framework of the sequential and hierarchical
relationships among ideas in the speech.

A

outline

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31
Q

statements that elaborate on a main point.

A

Subpoint

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32
Q
  • developmental material
    gathered through secondary and primary research.
A

Supporting material

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33
Q
  • complete sentence that shows
    the relationship between and bridges major parts of the
    speech.
A

Section transitions

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34
Q
  • words or short phrases that connect
    pieces of supporting material to the main point or
    subpoint they address.
A

Signposts

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35
Q
  • a question that doesn’t
    require an overt response.
A

Rhetorical question

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36
Q
  • an account of something that has happened
    or could happen.
A

Stories

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37
Q
  • anecdotes or a piece of wordplay designed to
    make people laugh.
A

Jokes

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38
Q
  • a brief account of something
    that happened to you or a hypothetical situation
A

Personal references

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39
Q

It is the perception your audience has about
your competence and character.

A

Credibility

40
Q

a short statement that provides a sense of
closure by driving home the importance of your speech
in a memorable way.

A

clincher

41
Q
  • Any visual, audio, audiovisual, or other sensory
    material used to enhance a verbal message.
A

PRESENTATIONAL AID

42
Q
  • Enhance a speech by allowing audience members to
    see what it is you are describing or explaining.
A

VISUAL AIDS

43
Q
  • inanimate or animate physical
    samples of the idea being communicated.
A

Actual Objects

44
Q
  • a three-dimensional scaled down or
    scaled-up version of an actual object.
A

Models

45
Q
  • a graphic representation that distills a lot of
    information into an easily interpreted visual format,
A

Charts

46
Q
  • Refers to how we convey messages through the
    spoken word.
A

ORAL STYLE

47
Q

used to describe language used
to reduce the psychological distance between you and
your audience.

A

Verbal immediacy

48
Q
  • The combination of background, knowledge, attitudes,
    experiences, and philosophies shared by speaker and
    audience.
A

COMMON GROUND

49
Q
  • words used to apply to one
    co-cultural group as though they represent everyone.
A

Generic Language

50
Q
  • when terms are changed
    because of the sex, race, or other group characteristics
    of the individual.
A

Nonparallel Language

51
Q
  • the addition of sex, race, age, or
    other group designation to a description.
A

Marking

52
Q
  • not considered appropriate
    language, but “casual swearing” is injected into regular
    conversation now.
A

Profanity and Vulgarity

53
Q
  • These are words that appeal to seeing, hearing, tasting,
    smelling, and feeling.
A

SENSORY LANGUAGE

54
Q

This make striking
comparisons between things that are not obviously
alike.

A

Rhetorical figures of speech

55
Q

It combine ideas in a
particular way.

A

Rhetorical structures of speech

56
Q
  • anxiety we experience before
    giving the speech.
A

Anticipation phase

57
Q
  • the surge of anxiety we
    experience when beginning to deliver the speech.
A

Confrontation phase

58
Q
  • the period during which our
    anxiety gradually decreases.
A

Adaptation phase

59
Q

believing we must impress a hypercritical audience with our knowledge and delivery.

A

Performance orientation

60
Q

is focusing on talking with others about an important topic and getting the message across to them.

A

Communication orientation

61
Q
  • Developing a mental picture of yourself giving
    a masterful speech.
A

Visualization

62
Q
  • Gradually visualizing and then engaging in
    more frightening speaking events.
A

Systematic Desensitization

63
Q
  • Replacing anxiety-arousing negative self-talk
    with anxiety reducing positive self-talk.
A

Cognitive Restructuring

64
Q
  • The systematic teaching of the skills
    associated with preparing and delivering an
    effective public speech.
A

Public Speaking Skills Training

65
Q
  • presenting a speech
    so that your audience feels you are talking
    with them.
A

Conversational style

66
Q

is using the tongue,
palate, teeth, jaws, and lips to shape
vocalized sounds that combine to
produce a word.

A

Articulation

67
Q

is the form and
accent of various syllables of a word.

A

Pronunciation

68
Q

is the inflection, tone, and
speech habits typical of native
speakers of a language.

A

Accent

69
Q
  • Variations in pitch, volume, rate, and quality
    that affect the meaning an audience gets from
    the sentences you speak.
A

Vocal Expression

70
Q
  • A speech that is researched and planned ahead of
    time, although the exact wording is not scripted and will vary from presentation to presentation.
A

EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECHES

71
Q

are a key word outline for a speech.

A

Speaking notes

72
Q
  • Information that is new to audience members and
    piques interests.
A

INTELLECTUALLY STIMULATING

73
Q

is contemplating something from
a variety of perspectives.

A

Productive thinking

74
Q
  • Method used to create an accurate, vivid, verbal picture of an object, geographic feature, setting, person, event,
    or image.
A

DESCRIPTION

75
Q
  • Method that explains the meaning of something.
  • Use familiar synonyms or antonyms of the word.
A

DEFINITION

76
Q
  • An informative speech that explains and shows how
    something is done or made, or how it works.
A

INFORMATIVE PROCESS SPEECHES

77
Q
  • constructing logical arguments
    supported with evidence and reasoning.
A

Logos

78
Q
  • highlighting speaker competence,
    credibility, and good character.
A

Ethos

79
Q
  • appealing to emotions in order to
    convince others to support your position.
A

Pathos

80
Q

A ____________ is a declarative sentence that clearly
indicates the position you advocate.

A

proposition

81
Q
  • a statement designed to convince the
    audience that something did or did not occur,
    is or is not true, or will or will not occur.
A

Proposition of Fact

82
Q
  • a statement designed to convince the
    audience that something is good, fair, moral,
    sound, etc., or its opposite.
A

Proposition of Value

83
Q
  • a statement designed to convince the
    audience that a specific course of action
    should or should not be taken.
A

Proposition of Policy

84
Q

-A type of logical arguments that Supports a claim by citing evidence that
shows one or more events always or almost
always brings about an event or effect.

A

Arguing from Causation

85
Q
  • Supports a claim with a single comparable
    example that is significantly similar to the
    subject of the claim.
A

Arguing from Analogy

86
Q
  • Supports a claim by providing one or more
    individual examples.
A

Arguing from Example

87
Q
  • arguing that if
    something is true for everything in a certain
    class, then it is true for a given item in that
    class.
A

Inductive reasoning

88
Q

A three-part form of deductive
reasoning is called a ?.

A

syllogism

89
Q
  • arriving at a general
    conclusion based on several pieces of
    evidence.
A

Deductive reasoning

90
Q

the reasoning process that connects the
support to the claim. Sometimes the warrant is
verbalized and sometimes it is implied.

A

Warrant (W)

91
Q

the evidence offered as grounds for
accepting/agreeing with the claim. You can support a
claim with facts, opinions, experiences, and
observations.

A

Support (S)

92
Q

the conclusion the speaker wants the
audience to agree with.

A

Claim (C)

93
Q

T OR F:
Place the strongest reason last because this is the
reason you believe the audience will find most
persuasive.

A

TRUEEW

94
Q

The ______________________________________ combines a
problem–solution pattern with explicit appeals designed to motivate the audience to act.

A

motivated sequence patter

95
Q

___________________ explains the nature of a
problem and proposes a solution.

A

Problem–solution pattern

96
Q

The ______________ arranges main points according
to opposing arguments and then both challenges them and bolsters your own.
* Useful when the target audience opposes your position.

A

refutative pattern

SPEECH (3 decks)

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