PRELIM 01 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry & Structure and Bonding

Question 1

Is the chemistry of the compounds present in living organisms

Answer 1

Organic chemistry

Question 2

The ability of atoms in forming stable bonds with itself

Answer 2

Catenation

Question 3

Is defined as an atom or a group of atoms that effectively determines the chemical properties of an organic compound

Answer 3

Functional group

Question 4

Is a series of compounds that have the same funcitonal group

Answer 4

Homologous series

Question 5

Is the idea of an electron “orbiting” the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun

Answer 5

Orbit

Question 6

Are electron clouds that represent the shape of probability for an electron’s location

Answer 6

Orbital

Question 7

Tells about the detailed location of electrons in an atom and the specific electron orbitals that the electrons are found

Answer 7

Electron configuration

Question 8

He is credited as the father of modern atomic theory

Answer 8

John Dalton

Question 9

Proposed the planetary model of the atom

Answer 9

Niels Bohr

Question 10

Principle that states that there is an inherent uncertainty in the act of measuring a variable of a particle

Answer 10

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Question 11

Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons

Answer 11

Isotopes

Question 12

Is weighted average mass in atomic mass units of an element’s naturally occuring isotopes

Answer 12

Atomic mass/Atomic weight

Question 13

4 quantum numbers

Answer 13

Principal, Angular momentum, Magnetic, Spin

Question 14

Orbital size and energy level (n)

Answer 14

Principal

Question 15

Orbital shape (l)

Answer 15

Angular momentum

Question 16

Orbital orientation (ml)

Answer 16

Magnetic

Question 17

Electron spin direction (ms)

Answer 17

Spin

Question 18

4 different kinds of orbitals for electrons

Answer 18

s, p, d, f

Question 19

Spherical; nucleus at the center

Answer 19

s orbitals

Question 20

Dumbbell-shaped; nucleus at middle

Answer 20

p orbitals

Question 21

Elongated dumbbell-shaped; nucleus at center

Answer 21

d orbitals

Question 22

Tetrahedral; nucleus at center

Answer 22

f orbitals

Question 23

Lobes of a p orbital are separated by region of zero electron density, which is called a __________

Answer 23

Node

Question 24

Lowest energy arrangement of an atom

Answer 24

Ground-state electron configuration

Question 25

Principle that states that lowest energy orbitals must be filled first

Answer 25

Aufbau ‘build-up’ principle

Question 26

Principle that states that only two electrons can occupy an orbital, and they must be of opposite spin

Answer 26

Pauli exclusion principle

Question 27

Principle that states that if two or more empty orbitals of equal energy are available, electrons occupy each with spins parallel until all orbitals have one electron

Answer 27

Hund’s rule

Question 28

Shows the valence electrons of atoms as dots

Answer 28

Lewis structures

Question 29

Have a line drawn between two atoms indicating a covalent bond

Answer 29

Kekule structures

Question 30

Valence electrons that are not used in bonding

Answer 30

Nonbonding electrons/Lone-pair electrons

Question 31

Forms when two atoms approach each other closely so that a singly occupied orbital on one atom overlaps a singly occupied orbital on the other atom

Answer 31

Covalent bond

Question 32

2 models to describe covalent bonding

Answer 32

Valence bond theory, Molecular orbital theory

Question 33

Theory that states that electrons are paired in the overlapping orbitals and are attracted to nuclei of both atoms

Answer 33

Valence bond theory

Question 34

Is where electrons are most likely to be found in a molecule

Answer 34

Molecular orbital

Question 35

Theory that states that bonds results from combination of atomic orbitals to give molecular orbitals

Answer 35

Molecular orbital (MO) theory

Question 36

Circular cross-section and are formed by head-on interaction

Answer 36

Sigma (σ) bond

Question 37

“Dumbbell” shape from sideways interaction of p orbitals

Answer 37

Pi (π) bond