Prelab + Quiz 3 - Weeks 5-6 Flashcards
Active form of T cells that directly destroy microbes
cytotoxic
a phagocyte that is fixed in tissue
macrophage
active T cell form that assists numerous defenses
helper T cell
remains after a first encounter with a pathogen
memory
the active form of a B cell
plasma
lack of blood flow is referred to as
ischemia
stoppage of bleeding is referred to as
hemostasis
an inherited lack of clotting ability
hemophilia
lack of oxygen
hypoxia
low RBC or hemoglobin
anemia
Formed elements make up approximately what percentage of blood volume?
45%
Name three specific substances that would be typically considered part of blood plasma.
electrolytes
enzymes
hormones
Which type of formed element has its primary function as a step in hemostasis?
platelets
Even though there are many other factors involved, using only the ABO classification of blood types, which type might be referred to as the “universal donor”?
O
**Keep in mind that other factors (such as the Rh classification) factor in to who may be able to give or receive blood to different individuals as well as the ABO classification.
the spleen would be immediately posterior to which organ
stomach
The largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body would be what organ?
spleen
The two large lymph ducts empty into the blood near the junction of which two blood vessels?
Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
*this is where the ducts return lymph to become blood plasma
Explain why valves found in lymphatic vessels and veins, but not in other blood vessels like arteries.
Valves prevent backflow and since there is lower pressure in veins and lymphatic vessels, they need valves to prevent the fluid from going backwards. Other vessels don’t need valves because they have a high enough pressure that there isn’t a risk for backflow.
What product is produced by the “active form” of a B lymphocyte?
antibodies
The hormone that stimulates red blood cell production is produced where in the body?
kidneys
Name one substance that would normally found in blood, but usually would NOT cross through capillaries to become interstitial fluid.
formed elements
Most nutrient absorption from the small intestine is into the blood, but some lipids and lipid-soluble substances more easily enter what other body fluid?
lymph
Name two other systems of the body that have roles in immunity aside from the lymphatic/immune system, and describe how those systems play a part in the defense of our body/cells.
- cardiovascular system - WBC’s are part of the cardiovascular system but their main roles are in the defense mechanisms of our body, they protect us against things like foreign microbes.
- endocrine system - produces hormones that help regulate immune responses.
The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of these areas EXCEPT:
right leg
abdomen
left neck
right arm
right arm
** this is drained by the right lymph duct
