Prejudices

Question 1

Benevolent sexism

Answer 1

• steretypes about women are in general more positive than men’s

Question 2

prejudice

Answer 2

• negative evaluation of a group or an individual from a group that is significantly based on the individual’s group membership

Question 3

Stereotype Content Model

Answer 3

Two big things people generally want to know about other people
1. Friendly or unfriendly intentions? (Warmth)
2. Capability to carry out those intentions? (Competence)

Question 4

Different stereotypes

Answer 4

• attached to different categories of people
• different emotional responses
• implications for different forms of prejudice and discrimination

Question 5

Stereotype content model: High Warmth + Low Competence

Answer 5

Pity

Question 6

High Warmth + High Competence

Answer 6

Admiration

Question 7

Low Warmth + Low Competence

Answer 7

Contempt

Question 8

Low Warmth + High Competence

Answer 8

Envy

Question 9

Threats and prejudices

Answer 9

• different emotional responses
• implications for different forms of prejudice and discrimination

Question 10

Perceived vulnerability

Answer 10

• cognitive response depend on specific kind of threat associated with group
• if don’t feel vulnerable to threat, won’t experience emotions so powerfully and will probably feel less prejudice

Question 11

Potential threat to valued economic resources

Answer 11

Perceived Threat: Threat to economic resources
Emotional response: Resentment, anger
Prejudicial beliefs: “They’re taking all the good jobs”
Moderated by: economic insecurity

Question 12

Potential threat of infectious disease

Answer 12

Perceived threat: Threat of infection
Emotional response: Disgust
Prejudicial beliefs: “I don’t want them anywhere near me”
Moderated by: Perceived vulnerability to disease

• when people feel more vulnerable to disease, they express stronger prejudices against ethnic groups (especially groups that seem more exotic)
• different from us = threat

Question 13

Xenophobia may be related to germaphobia

Answer 13

• americans who were highly worried about COVID expressed stronger prejudice against Asian Americans and Chinese
• more strongly xenophobic attitudes

Question 14

Prejudice-reducing effect of vaccination (reducing prejudice)

Answer 14

• prejudice against some outgroups may be reduced when interventions lead people to feel less personally vulnerable to infectious diseases

Question 15

Potential threat to physical harm

Answer 15

Perceived threat: Physical harm
Emotional response: Fear
Prejudicial beliefs: “They might do violence to me and/or my group”
Moderated by: Perceived vulnerability to harm

e.g. being in the dark, being or feeling outnumbered

Question 16

Being in the dark

Answer 16

• exaggerated stereotypical beliefs about African-Americans being aggressive and untrustworthy

Question 17

The effect of being outnumbered (or just feeling)

Answer 17

Sri Lanka and Tamil
- perception that ingroup is outnumbered (vulnerable) = belief that outgroup is aggressive and competent (reduced interest in peaceful resolution to civil war)
OR
- peception that ingroup outnumbers outgroup (not vulnerable) = belief that outgroup is less aggressive and less competent (increased interest in peaceful resolution)

Question 18

Useful implications for reducing prejudice

Answer 18

• when interventions lead people to feel less vulnerable to the specific threats that give rise to those prejudices

Question 19

Stereotype content model (cont)

Answer 19

• if rich people seem cold, they are expected to be competent
• if poor people seem warm, they are incompetent

Question 20

Behavioural immine system

Answer 20

consists of a suite of psychological mechanisms:

1. Detect cues connoting the presence of infectious pathogens in the immediate environment
2. Trigger disease-relevant emotional and cognitive responses
3. Facilitate behavioural avoidance of pathogen infection

Question 21

Behavioural immune system costs/benefits

Answer 21

Benefit: offers interpersonal benefits
Cost: Increased likelihood of pathogen infection